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A Theoretical Review of Patient Engagement Theories and Strategies

Rimantas Stašys Samuel Osei Addo

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2738

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 182–191

Abstract

The research aim is to identify the key factors influencing patient engagement and, after analysing strategies for patient engagement used worldwide, to assess their suitability for involving patients in the Ga East Municipality, Ghana. Employing a qualitative desk review approach, the study examined existing literature. It analysed global patient engagement frameworks across 20 studies conducted over the last ten years, based on the subcategories of trust, education, leadership and shared understanding. While the review highlighted several implications for health outcomes and patient satisfaction related to patient engagement, it also revealed that various

factors, including low National Health Insurance Scheme enrolment, poor communication methods, gender inequities and trust issues, drive patient engagement. The article illustrated that educated, supported and engaged patients in decision-making adhered to treatment recommendations more frequently and expressed greater satisfaction with their care. A review of international frameworks revealed a range of strategies employed globally to enhance patient engagement.

The Application Possibilities of the AGILE Project Management Model in Implementing Interdisciplinary Integration in Upper Secondary Schools

Gražina Šmitienė Lina Paulauskienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2737

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 173–181

Abstract

The Lithuanian Progress Strategy 2030 and related educational policies emphasise the need to prepare students for a dynamic world filled with challenges and opportunities. This necessitates the improvement of educational content through a competency-based approach that transcends traditional subject boundaries. Implementing interdisciplinary integration requires a holistic combination of knowledge, aligned with student interests and societal needs. Teachers are granted autonomy to design and adapt subject content to meet educational objectives, although this demands both time and specific competencies. Effective interdisciplinary teaching depends on collaborative practices that deepen understanding and enhance skills. Characteristics of transformational leadership, such as trust based on shared values and leading by example, are crucial for improving the quality of education. These values underpin the Agile project management model, which is designed for goal-oriented collaboration amid uncertainty. However, the Agile methodology is not yet widely applied in Lithuania’s education system. This study aims to explore the potential of Agile methodology for facilitating interdisciplinary integration in a gymnasium.

The Covid-19 Economic Crisis and Factors Promoting the Smaller Use of Limited Fiscal Resources

Ilmārs Rimšēvičs

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2736

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 160–172

Abstract

On 11 March 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the global pandemic, and governments were forced to initiate non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) and disease containment measures. Governments had to come up with viable fiscal support measures and respective fiscal aid packages for the health and economic sectors, thus creating a unique opportunity to compare the quality of institutions and government effectiveness to manage, mitigate and lessen an economic crisis and a fall GDP, and measure the possibility of reaching the pre-crisis level of GDP. The analysis raised several issues, because in some countries the change in GDP in 2020 and the speed of recovery from the crisis and the attainment of the pre-crisis level of GDP of 2019 was slower, and at

the same time the size of fiscal resources used to tackle the fall in GDP were larger, and the respective public debt to GDP increased more. In order to comprehend why GDP, the fall in 2020, and the use of fiscal resources was smaller, this article aims to establish the role and statistical importance of the level of outstanding public debt, the quality of institutions, and government effectiveness as a driving factor of the respective volume of the fiscal resources used, minimising the size of the change in GDP in 2020 and promoting the recovery of GDP to the pre-crisis level.

An Analysis of Best Practices in Multicultural Education: a Comparison Between Lithuanian and Swedish Pre-Schools / Daugiakultūrio ugdymo patirčių analizė: Lietuvos ir Švedijos ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigų palyginimas

Aida Norvilienė Asta Dirgėlaitė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2735

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 143–159

Abstract

The article analyzes the experiences of Lithuanian and Swedish preschool teachers in multicultural education in educating preschool children. The content, methods and tools of multicultural education of preschool children are revealed. Used research methods: analysis of scientific literature and documents, comparative analysis, qualitative research, semi-structured interviews, and qualitative content analysis. The following aspects of multicultural education emerged: preschool teachers in both countries believe that multicultural education enriches children,

fosters tolerance, respect and understanding of other cultures, contributes to identity development, and should begin in early childhood. Swedish respondents emphasise that a multicultural education prepares children for life in a multicultural society. Respondents from both countries stress the role of the preschool teacher’s example in developing children’s multicultural competence. Both countries use similar tools for multicultural education, including interactive tools and programmes, smart technologies and traditional visual aids.

From Perception to Precision: the Insights of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises into Corporate Social Responsibility and Measurement Scale Validation

Oļegs Ņikadimovs

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2734

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 128–142

Abstract

This study assesses the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) by reviewing 39 recent significant studies. The theoretical foundation of the reviewed studies serves as the basis for the research instrument designed to assess CSR practices and their impact on the competitive advantage of SMEs. A pilot study involving 102 Latvian SME respondents was conducted to validate the research instrument’s reliability across four scales: competitive advantage, reputation and financial performance, CSR domains and impact, and CSR challenges. The results indicate very good or excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values between 0.846 and 0.923. The findings demonstrate that SMEs continue to adopt CSR practices, recognising their strategic benefits which include innovation, operational efficiency and improved reputation. However, challenges such as resource limitations and stakeholder pressures remain important. This validated instrument establishes a foundation for further large-scale studies to explore CSR’s influence on the sustainability and competitiveness of SMEs, emphasising the need for tailored strategies, government support, and effective tools for evaluating CSR impact.

Lithuanian Regional Policy and Prospects for Cooperation Between Local Authorities after Amendments to the Public Administration Law / Lietuvos regioninė politika ir savivaldybių bendradarbiavimo perspektyvos po viešojo administravimo įstatymo pakeitimų

Gintaras Neniškis

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2733

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 115–127

Abstract

In recent years, inter-municipal cooperation in solving various common problems has become more popular in Europe, and has become an important part of European regional policy. These trends can also be observed in Lithuania. However, after a few generally agreed on success projects, there have not been many more successful municipal cooperation projects. Lithuania has been regulating cooperation between state institutions through legislation since 2000, which was supposed to stimulate regional growth and reduce interregional disparities. Providing municipalities with the necessary legal powers to provide public management and public services, and providing financial incentives, including European Union (EU) funds, to promote cooperation can achieve good results. In waste management in the regions and in organising public transport in the Tauragė and Klaipėda regions, EU support helped municipalities to agree on cooperation, and the same cooperation remained after the end of the EU support, and also a higher standard of public management and public services for all the municipalities that participated in these projects. This article aims to analyze recent changes in public administration regulation in Lithuania, which are likely to complicate cooperation between municipalities and, accordingly, high-quality public governance and the provision of public services in regions, and increase the gap between regional municipalities.

Factors of Purchasing Behaviour and Transformations in Market Equilibrium

Maryna Moroz

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2732

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 103–114

Abstract

This article analyses the theoretical foundations of consumer choice and equilibrium, emphasising the multifaced factors that influence consumer behaviour. Key factors such as individual preferences, income levels, pricing of goods and services, social media trends, advertising strategies, brand perception, and cultural influences are examined. The study aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical analysis of consumer choice theory, while identifying constraints like budget limitations, price fluctuations and substitution effects that impact decision-making. Furthermore, it explores consumer equilibrium within economic theory and its interplay with

various influencing variables. Recent market trends are investigated through scientific methodologies related to preferences, utility maximisation, income changes, and behavioural economics. Finally, the findings are contextualised within the sustainable tourism sector. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of consumer dynamics in contemporary markets, and offers insights for policymakers and businesses aiming for sustainability in their practices.

The Role of Paradiplomacy in Regional Development as Exemplified by Polish Voivodeships

Wojciech Tomasz Modzelewski Rafał Bogdan

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2731

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 94–102

Abstract

The primary objective of this article is to analyse the international activities (paradiplomacy) of Polish voivodeships through the lens of the system for managing sustainable regional development. Paradiplomacy serves as both a tool for carrying out public tasks of a regional nature and an instrument for socio-economic and cultural development, for which voivodeship self-government is responsible in Poland. Another aim of the article is to present the geographical directions of voivodeships’ paradiplomacy, which, in addition to European regions, also includes partners from outside Europe. Thus, the article offers an academic reflection on the issue outlined

in the title, approached from the perspective of social sciences and the discipline of political science and administration.

Integrating Living Lab Principles in Teacher Training: the Case of the EDUTECH STEAM Lab at Klaipėda University

Julija Melnikova Aleksandra Batuchina Rasa Kulevičienė All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2730

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 82–93

Abstract

The EDUTECH STEAM lab, established at the Department of Pedagogy in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at Klaipėda University, serves as an integral component of teacher training by implementing the principles of a Living Lab, a user-centered, open innovation ecosystem that fosters collaboration between educators, researchers and technology developers. This study explores the best practice case of how the Living Lab model, as implemented in the EDUTECH STEAM lab at Klaipėda University, enhances pre-service and in-service teacher training, facilitating the co-creation, experimentation and validation of emerging educational technologies. In particular, the EDUTECH STEAM lab plays a crucial role in preparing teachers to integrate AI-driven learning analytics, adaptive assessment models, and interactive STEAM education into real-world classrooms. The article was conducted using a systematic approach to identify and analyse relevant scholarly works on teacher education, STEAM integration, digital pedagogy, and Living Lab methodologies. The findings indicate that embedding a Living Lab approach in teacher training enhances technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), promotes formative assessment strategies, and supports personalised learning pathways

for students.

Determinants of Tax Revenue in Post-Transition Economies in the European Union

Domas Matuiza Alfreda Šapkauskienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2729

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 71–81

Abstract

This study explores the determinants of tax revenue in eight post-transition European Union (EU) economies: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary. Despite the shared institutional trajectories and simultaneous EU accession in 2004, these countries continue to display significant variation in tax-to-GDP ratios. Using panel data from 2004 to 2022, and applying a fixed effects model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors, the study examines key macroeconomic and structural variables shaping tax revenue outcomes. The results indicate that financial inclusion and openness to trade proxied by debit card usage are positively associated with tax revenue, while rising public debt has a significant negative effect. Other variables, including foreign direct investment and inflation, show weaker or model-dependent relationships. The findings highlight the role of the financial infrastructure and macroeconomic openness in explaining tax revenue performance in post-transition economies. The paper contributes to the literature by offering region-specific empirical evidence and informing fiscal policy in structurally evolving EU member states.

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