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Enchanted by the Baltic : On the 80th Birthday of Professor, Habilitated Doctor and Academician Vladas Žulkus

Algirdas Girininkas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v32i0.2757

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Discussion | Apžvalga

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 32, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 111–115

Publications of hillfort research during the Soviet period: A case study of the Narkūnai hillfort on the 50th anniversary of its investigation

Gintautas Zabiela

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v32i0.2756

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 32, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 99–110

Abstract

Publications on hillforts, like those in other areas of archaeological research, serve as important sources of knowledge. Their significance has grown in recent years as the number of new hillfort excavations has decreased considerably, and accordingly earlier publications are now referenced more frequently. By 2024, a total of 48 works on hillforts had been published. The question is, however, whether these studies meet the definition of a ‘comprehensive publication’ and whether the data they present is reliable and provides a suitable basis for future research.

A comprehensive publication is a presentation of research material, usually in printed form, containing sufficient data in case the original material is lost. It is in the context of this definition that we here evaluate the Soviet-era publication of excavation results, using the excavations at the hillfort of Narkūnai (eastern Lithuania), conducted between 1976 and 1978 (Lietuvos Archeologija [Lithuanian Archaeology], vol. 5, 1985, pp. 5–49), as a case study. The material from these excavations is well preserved. Due to various restrictions during the Soviet period, the publication of excavation results was very limited. This can be seen from the fact that there are no photographs of the excavations and very little attention is paid to the pottery. Since the scope of research publications is determined by a variety of factors, in order to determine how comprehensive it is, the Narkūnai publication was compared with other works on hillforts published in the recent past. The coefficient obtained shows that the publications from the Soviet period are not comprehensive and do not cover all the research material. Therefore, it is necessary to republish studies on the major hillforts, applying the current advances in archaeological science in the fields of research and dissemination.

PAGAN ARCHAICS: THE RITUAL FUNCTIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN PYSANKY AND THE LITHUANIAN MARGUČIAI

Rimantas Balsys

Maryna Ponomarenko

https://doi.org/10.15181/rh.v33i0.2742

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 33, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 93–112

Abstract

The article is part of a study aimed at a comparative analysis of the peculiarities of Ukrainian pysanky and Lithuanian margučiai in the context of pre-Christian and Christian paradigms of world-view: their role in the ritual culture of Lithuania and Ukraine, the symbolism of decoration, and the technique of performance. The aim of the article is to study the ritual functions of Ukrainian pysanky and Lithuanian margučiai. The research revealed the variability of the names of Ukrainian and Lithuanian ritual eggs in the context of pre-Christian and Christian cultures (the difference between the Ukrainian pysanka, the Lithuanian margutis, and Easter eggs); the similarities and differences in their use in traditional rites of choosing a pair and commemorating ancestors in Lithuania and Ukraine; and their gradual structural and semantic changes under the influence of Christian culture. The foundations are laid for the reconstruction of the original form and content of the rites in which pysanka, krashanka and margutis were (and are) used.

Archaeobotanical evidence from the Bandužiai (Žardė) Late Bronze Age to Late Iron Age settlement in western Lithuania

Kotryna Alma Bojarskaitė

Ieva Masiulienė

Dalia Kisielienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v32i0.2755

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 32, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 66–98

Abstract

The Žardė–Laistai–Bandužiai archaeological complex is one of the largest and most unique prehistoric sites in western Lithuania, dating from the 1st millennium BC to the 13th–14th centuries. Within the complex, the ancient settlements of Bandužiai (Žardė) and Bandužiai I are distinguished by the abundance of features linked to production and economic activities. Years of research at the Bandužiai (Žardė) settlement have provided copious amounts of archaeological material, mostly related to metallurgical activities, but its fragmentary nature makes interpretation difficult and highlights the need for an interdisciplinary approach. This paper presents a more comprehensive overview of the Bandužiai (Žardė) settlement through archaeobotanical finds which have been systematically collected but only analysed to a limited extent. The material derives from multiple archaeological contexts, some of which were radiocarbon-dated using AMS. The dates revealed a direct chronology for some archaeological features, extending from the Late Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age, with the exception of the Roman period. The archaeobotanical analysis produced a large dataset of charred and waterlogged plant remains, enabling detailed insights into agricultural practices, settlement structure and environmental conditions over time, and providing rare insights into plant use in production-oriented areas. Results demonstrated that while the main cultivated species varied across different phases, environmental conditions remained relatively stable. Wild and cultivated plants indicated a frequent human presence from the Pre-Roman period, intensifying in later times. Evidence also suggests that the site might have been used differently at certain times, with a clearly defined industrial zone, a possible food preparation zone and even a short-lived domestic zone during the Viking period. These findings provide one of the most comprehensive archaeobotanical datasets from western Lithuania, contributing to wider discussions of agricultural development and human–environment interaction in the eastern Baltic.

A newly discovered hoard of Bronze Age artefacts from western Latvia

Inna Rozentāle

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v32i0.2754

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 32, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 47–65

Abstract

The article discusses a hoard of Late Bronze Age artefacts recently discovered near the River Venta in western Latvia. This is only the seventh Bronze Age hoard from Latvia. The find consists of eight to nine whole and fragmentary bronze artefacts. This publication describes the circumstances of discovery and presents an analysis of the artefacts, their chronology and metal composition, seeking to place the hoard within the general context of Late Bronze Age Europe. The objects constituting the Liedikas hoard have been conserved and are held at Kuldīga District Museum.

Earth pigments and magnificent Stone Age burials on the shores of Lake Burtnieks

Vanda Haferberga

Artis Kons

Ilga Zagorska

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v32i0.2753

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 32, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 25–46

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the availability of earth pigments in the Lake Burtnieks area in Latvia and to analyse the use and symbolic significance of ochre during the Stone Age.

Within the study, potential earth pigment samples were collected during the survey. These samples were analysed by laboratory methods — X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy — and compared to ochre samples obtained from archaeological contexts (the Riņņukalns settlement and Zvejnieki archaeological complex). The use of ochre during the Stone Age was characterised by analysing the archaeological context, specifically focusing on the Zvejnieki burial ground.

The results of this study reveal a great variety of ochre use in the burial traditions of the Zvejnieki cemetery. Furthermore, significant chronological differences in the use of ochre in the burials were distinguished. From an ethnographic and folkloric perspective, it is likely that ochre, with its red colour, had a deep symbolic value and was an integral part of the burial process. Chemical and mineralogical analysis shows that although ferric sediments are widespread in the surroundings of Lake Burtnieks, none of the samples collected corresponded to those from the archaeological context. However, significant similarities between archaeological samples from Zvejnieki and Riņņukalns were identified.

Preface

Rimantas Sliužinskas

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 33, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 11–17

Abstract

We hereby present the 33rd volume of the Klaipėda University periodical Res Humanitariae, with 13 articles from various fields of the humanities, testifying to both traditional and contemporary approaches to language, culture, literature and issues of social life. As in previous publications, this volume presents the work of both scholars with solid academic and scientific experience, and young researchers just starting out on their scientific path. Four such articles by young scholars are published with experts in the relevant research areas as co-authors. The publication reflects the diversity and depth of the humanities, inviting readers to familiarise themselves with the latest developments in theology, ethnology, ethnomusicology, literary studies, linguistics and interdisciplinary research.

Interpreting the structure of Gailiūnai 2 and Varėnė 2: Two different cases of Late Mesolithic campsite organisation in southeast Lithuania

Lukas Gaižauskas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v32i0.2752

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 32, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 6–24

Abstract

This study examines the intra-site structure of two Late Mesolithic sites in southeast Lithuania: Gailiūnai 2 and Varėnė 2. Gailiūnai 2 presents a rare example of a single-period camp with a well-preserved spatial structure of discrete lithic scatters. In contrast, Varėnė 2 is a multi-period palimpsest site with mixed archaeological deposits but with documented Mesolithic features. Spatial analysis, characterisation and refitting of lithic artefacts as well as AMS 14C dating were carried out in order to identify the patterns in the internal organisation of both sites and define the nature of activities that resulted in the formation of their particular structure. The analyses have shown that three discrete lithic clusters at Gailiūnai 2 likely reflect remains of short-term task-specific encampments with the western cluster also displaying evidence of a surface dwelling. Refitting revealed prevalence of short reduction sequences and a technological organisation indicative of short-term stays. Varėnė 2 represents repeated, more substantial occupations involving habitation inside dugout dwellings as well as potential reuse of their pits as dumps. While individual lithic scatters are impossible to distinguish, three dugout structures with artefact-rich fills indicate more substantial habitation for longer periods. Radiocarbon dating has shown that dugouts were probably used between ca. 7170 and 4800 cal BC and in separate phases. The Late Mesolithic habitation at Varėnė 2 involved extensive usage of distinctive reddish-banded flint, which was used contemporaneously with the inhabitation and burial at one of the dugouts. The contrasting site structures highlight variability in Late Mesolithic settlement strategies. These results demonstrate the potential of unstratified sandy sites to reveal meaningful insights into lifeways of Stone Age hunter-gatherers in the southeast Baltic.

Pratarmė

Rimantas Sliužinskas

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 33, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 5–10

Abstract

Pristatome gerbiamiesiems skaitytojams XXXIII Klaipėdos universiteto periodinio mokslo leidinio RES HUMANITARIAE tomą. Jame skelbiama trylika įvairių humanitarinių mokslų krypčių straipsnių, liudijančių tiek tradicinį, tiek šiuolaikinį požiūrį į kalbą, kultūrą, literatūrą ir visuomenę. Šiame tome, kaip ir ankstesniuose leidiniuose, pateikiami tiek solidžios akademinės ir mokslinės patirties turinčių mokslininkų, tiek ir tik pradedančių eiti mokslo keliu jaunųjų tyrėjų darbai. Keturi tokie jaunųjų mokslininkų straipsniai skelbiami su bendraautoriais – aktualių tyrimo krypčių ekspertais. Leidinys atspindi humanitarinių mokslų įvairovę ir gilumą, kviesdamas skaitytojus susipažinti su teologijos, etnologijos, etnomuzikologijos, literatūrologijos, lingvistikos bei tarpdisciplininių tyrimų aktualijomis.

Preface

Audronė Bliujienė

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 32, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 4–5

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