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Publications of hillfort research during the Soviet period: A case study of the Narkūnai hillfort on the 50th anniversary of its investigation

Gintautas Zabiela

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v32i0.2756

Pub. online: 16 Dec 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 32, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 99–110

Abstract

Publications on hillforts, like those in other areas of archaeological research, serve as important sources of knowledge. Their significance has grown in recent years as the number of new hillfort excavations has decreased considerably, and accordingly earlier publications are now referenced more frequently. By 2024, a total of 48 works on hillforts had been published. The question is, however, whether these studies meet the definition of a ‘comprehensive publication’ and whether the data they present is reliable and provides a suitable basis for future research.

A comprehensive publication is a presentation of research material, usually in printed form, containing sufficient data in case the original material is lost. It is in the context of this definition that we here evaluate the Soviet-era publication of excavation results, using the excavations at the hillfort of Narkūnai (eastern Lithuania), conducted between 1976 and 1978 (Lietuvos Archeologija [Lithuanian Archaeology], vol. 5, 1985, pp. 5–49), as a case study. The material from these excavations is well preserved. Due to various restrictions during the Soviet period, the publication of excavation results was very limited. This can be seen from the fact that there are no photographs of the excavations and very little attention is paid to the pottery. Since the scope of research publications is determined by a variety of factors, in order to determine how comprehensive it is, the Narkūnai publication was compared with other works on hillforts published in the recent past. The coefficient obtained shows that the publications from the Soviet period are not comprehensive and do not cover all the research material. Therefore, it is necessary to republish studies on the major hillforts, applying the current advances in archaeological science in the fields of research and dissemination.

Tauragės valda Lietuvoje Prūsijos rankose (1691–1793): savito statuso vaizdavimas XVIII amžiaus žemėlapiuose | The Tauragė Estate in Lithuania under Prussian Ownership (1691–1793): The Depiction of its Distinct Status on 18th-Century Maps

Laima Bucevičiūtė

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v46i0.2783

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 46 (2025): Nexuses of Interaction in the Borderland between Lithuania and Prussia in the Pre-Industrial Period = Sąveikos mazgai Lietuvos ir Prūsijos pasienyje ikiindustrinėje epochoje, pp. 111–135

Abstract

Although Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–1655), the Voivode of Vilnius and Grand Hetman of Lithuania, managed to acquire the Tauragė estate on the Lithuanian border with Prussia in the early 1650s, it was just before his death. His granddaughter Ludwika Karolina (1667–1695), who inherited the titles from his daughter Anna Maria (she passed away at an early age), was raised in Berlin and married the son of the Elector Friedrich Wilhelm (1620–1688) there in 1681. The Elector of Brandenburg decided to use this connection to renew his claim to the Tauragė estate (his father Georg Wilhelm had sold it in 1639). In 1688, Ludwika Karolina signed a document in Potsdam renouncing her inheritance rights to the Tauragė estate in favour of the Elector, and this was confirmed in 1691 by a court in Lithuania. Manfred Hellmann, who published a study on Prussian control of Tauragė in 1940, revealed the ambiguity that arose as a result: although Tauragė continued to belong to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, it was in fact controlled by Prussia, whose monarch became the owner of private land in the Commonwealth and had to pay the usual taxes and duties there. The article examines whether or not this political ambiguity was reflected in the depiction of the Tauragė estate on 18th-century maps. The research shows that this depiction was equally ambiguous: while some maps showed Tauragė as a part of Prussia, others did not emphasise the connection at all, continuing to show that the estate belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

TAUTINIO KOSTIUMO AKTUALUMAS LIETUVOS, LATVIJOS, SUOMIJOS IR NORVEGIJOS JAUNIMUI

Viktorija Matuzonytė Laima Anglickienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rh.v25i0.1973

Pub. online: 27 Mar 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 25, Issue 1 (2019), pp. 38–56

Abstract

This article examines the attitudeof young people of age 18 to 30 from Lithuania, Latvia, Finland and Norway towards the national costume. The aim of this article is to analyze and determine how national costume is appreciated by the youth of countries mentioned before. The article briefly presents the preconditions for the emergence and creation of a nationalcostume; it analyzes what kind of information is lacking about national costume. The research was made in 2017-2018. Information was provided by 156 respondents. In conclusion, the worst situation is between Finnish youth and the deepest traditions of costumeʼs wearing has Norway. The results of Lithuanians reveal that national costume is not very important tradition, Latvians show the growing interest in the costume.

LITERATŪRINIO PADAVIMO APIE JŪRATĘ IR KASTYTĮ SKLAIDA NEAKADEMINIUOSE LIETUVOS IR LENKIJOS FOLKLORO RINKINIUOSE

Domininkas Burba

https://doi.org/10.15181/rh.v32i0.2690

Pub. online: 4 Mar 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 32, Issue 1 (2024), pp. 130–152

Abstract

This article analyses how the literary legend “The Queen of the Baltic Sea”, authored by Ludwik Adam Jucevičius, spread in Lithuania and Poland in the 19th and 21st centuries. The literary legend was first published in 1839 in Polish with a Lithuanian text of the sea goddess song. In this article, we focus on the spread of this work in non-academic Polish folklore collections. The research reveals how the text of the legend changed in the collections of legends, tales and fairy tales, how lituanistic details were preserved or lost, and who was referred to as the author of the work. The work shows the significance and problematics of folklore sources and their relationship with children’s literature.

STILL POST-SOVIET? WHAT IS LEFT OVER FROM SOVIET ATTITUDES TO FORM MODERN ATTITUDES TOWARDS VOLUNTEERING?

Dovilė Petreikienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v93i2.2680

Pub. online: 30 Dec 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Tiltai Volume 93, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 180–198

Abstract

This study examines the influence of historical imprints on attitudes towards volunteering among Lithuanians. Using imprinting theory, we explored how the historically evolved Soviet imprints have influenced modern attitudes toward formal volunteering. Quantitative data analysis (N=358) revealed that some Soviet imprints might have decayed, while some were strong enough to survive until modern times to affect attitudes towards formal volunteering. This study examined three Soviet attitudinal imprints: negative attitudes towards non-governmental organisations, external power primacy, and the authoritarian outlook. The results showed that while some imprints might have decayed, some have survived until today. Our findings underscore the enduring impact of Soviet imprints, and suggest that addressing these historical influences is crucial for enhancing volunteering among citizens of post-Soviet regions.

Lead isotopes in the context of the provenance of copper alloys and mutability processes in Lithuania from the second half of the 1st century to the 13th century AD

Audronė Bliujienė

Irma Vybernaitė-Lubienė

Veronika Biveinytė All authors (6)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v31i0.2667

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 31 (2024), pp. 98–126

Abstract

This paper presents the results of analysis of lead isotope ratios (208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb,

206Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 207Pb/206Pb) in copper alloys combined with chemical composition

studies of archaeological artefacts by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS).

The study covers a total of 208 samples collected from 55 sites spread all over Lithuania. The

chronological range of the study encompasses the period from the second half of the 1st century

AD to the 13th century AD. The repeated recycling of copper alloys, the addition of scrap materials

with varying compositions, and the mixing of lead from different geological ore deposits naturally

alter the original chemical composition of the alloy. The continuous recycling and alteration

of materials pose challenges in identifying the original connections between the regions of origin

of copper alloy ores in southern Eurasia and the users of these raw materials in the eastern Baltic

Sea region. Together with lead isotope ratio analysis, investigation of copper alloy types, copper

groups, and metal working technological development fundamentally changes the idea of a linear

exchange of non-ferrous metals. The analysis carried out in this research has enabled the identification

of the provenance and dissemination of non-ferrous metal raw materials (alloys and scrap

metal) as part of the European exchange network at local (the present territory of Lithuania),

regional (the eastern Baltic region), and trans-European levels.

Adaptability and resilience: farming practices in Lithuania during the Roman Iron Age

Karolis Minkevičius

Rokas Vengalis

Giedrė Piličiauskienė

All authors (6)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v31i0.2664

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 31 (2024), pp. 44–62

Abstract

This paper integrates archaeological, environmental and isotopic data from Roman Iron Age

(1–400 AD) settlements in Lithuania to present an updated framework for understanding the

development of farming and agricultural landscapes during this period. The study dates the introduction

of new crop species, such as rye and oats, to around 100–200 cal AD. Notably, rye

quickly became one of the most economically important crops, coinciding with the adoption

of the infield-outfield cultivation system. This system combined intensively farmed fields in

open, well-irrigated areas near settlements with more distant swiddens used for extensive farming.

Archaeobotanical analysis, along with δ15N and δ13C isotopic measurements of charred crop

assemblages, reveals a high level of diversification in both species composition and cultivation

strategies. These findings suggest that Roman Iron Age farmers employed complex farming methods

aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and expansion while maintaining adaptability

and resilience in response to environmental challenges.

The Discourse on the Formation of Permanent Compulsory Initial Military Service in Lithuania

Gerda Kazlauskienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/RFDS.V42I1.2601

Pub. online: 5 Mar 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 42, Issue 1 (2024), pp. 50–62

Abstract

In liberal democracies, the aim of the national armed forces is to protect the freedom and security of society as a whole by political

and military means, which leads to the rejection of compulsory military service as an obligatory form of self-defence. However,

in the context of shifting geopolitical stability, the subject of compulsory military service is growing in importance in the political

discourse. The present paper analyses the political discourse on the formation of permanent compulsory initial military service in

Lithuania, and places a particular focus on party programmes in elections held between 1992 and 2020. The content spectrum as

regards permanent compulsory initial military service represented in the party programmes of Lithuanian political parties between

1992 and 2020 is scarce, and gives a sketchy image of the service. By communicating the risks associated with being limited to

professional military service alone, the Conservatives make more frequent attempts than others at creating a political discourse on

permanent compulsory initial military service. By contrast, other political parties focus on the circumstances associated with the

geopolitical situation.

Human diet in Lithuania during the Late Roman and Migration periods ( ca. 200–700 AD) based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data

Edvardas Simčenka

Laurynas Kurila

Justina Kozakaitė

All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v30i0.2565

Pub. online: 28 Dec 2023 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 30 (2023), pp. 80–115

Abstract

In this study, 71 human individuals were subjected to stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N)

isotope analysis of bone collagen samples for the purpose of determining human dietary patterns

in Lithuania during the Late Roman and Migration periods. More specifically, based on the

isotopic data, the aim was to determine and evaluate any potential dietary differences between

individuals on the basis of their sex, age, social status and place of residence during the periods

in question. The results of this study suggest that there were isotopically clearly distinguishable

dietary differences between individuals from different parts/regions of Lithuania. Also, statistically

significant dietary differences (on the basis of δ15N values) between males and females

were observed (although, when making the same sex-based isotopic comparisons at an individual

site level, the same result was observed only among those from Marvelė cemetery). However, no

statistically significant isotopic differences were detected between different social or age groups.

Overall, these results give us one of the first glimpses into the types of dietary habits practiced by

people in various parts of Lithuania during the Roman and Migration periods, which could also

serve as a good starting point for future investigations into other dietary aspects in the territories

and periods in question that still remain unknown.

T-shaped antler axes in Lithuania : previously unrevealed Middle Holocene hunter-gatherer technology

Tomas Rimkus

Adomas Butrimas Harald Lübke

All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v30i0.2563

Pub. online: 28 Dec 2023 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 30 (2023), pp. 41–57

Abstract

This paper discusses one of the most characteristic hunter-gatherer osseous implements — the

T-shaped antler axe. These are made from red deer (Cervus elaphus) antler beam by removing the

trez tine and creating a perforation for a shaft in its place. This type of axe is quite widely known

in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic contexts of northern, western and central Europe. Until

now, T-shaped antler axes have been only sporadically mentioned in research on Lithuanian

prehistory. Ten T-axes are currently known from eight find locations, concentrated in western and

southern Lithuania. These axes were mainly discovered as single finds during wetland drainage or

peat extraction. Only two excavated sites contained T-axes in settlement refuse layers. This paper

provides details of the find circumstances and technological features of all ten axes, as well as the

results of AMS 14C dating. The dating suggests that this technology had already spread among

hunter-gatherers in the territory of Lithuania as early as the second half of the 6th millennium,

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