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LITERATŪRINIO PADAVIMO APIE JŪRATĘ IR KASTYTĮ SKLAIDA NEAKADEMINIUOSE LIETUVOS IR LENKIJOS FOLKLORO RINKINIUOSE

Domininkas Burba

https://doi.org/10.15181/rh.v32i0.2690

Pub. online: 4 Mar 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 32, Issue 1 (2024), pp. 130–152

Abstract

This article analyses how the literary legend “The Queen of the Baltic Sea”, authored by Ludwik Adam Jucevičius, spread in Lithuania and Poland in the 19th and 21st centuries. The literary legend was first published in 1839 in Polish with a Lithuanian text of the sea goddess song. In this article, we focus on the spread of this work in non-academic Polish folklore collections. The research reveals how the text of the legend changed in the collections of legends, tales and fairy tales, how lituanistic details were preserved or lost, and who was referred to as the author of the work. The work shows the significance and problematics of folklore sources and their relationship with children’s literature.

STILL POST-SOVIET? WHAT IS LEFT OVER FROM SOVIET ATTITUDES TO FORM MODERN ATTITUDES TOWARDS VOLUNTEERING?

Dovilė Petreikienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v93i2.2680

Pub. online: 30 Dec 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Tiltai Volume 93, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 180–198

Abstract

This study examines the influence of historical imprints on attitudes towards volunteering among Lithuanians. Using imprinting theory, we explored how the historically evolved Soviet imprints have influenced modern attitudes toward formal volunteering. Quantitative data analysis (N=358) revealed that some Soviet imprints might have decayed, while some were strong enough to survive until modern times to affect attitudes towards formal volunteering. This study examined three Soviet attitudinal imprints: negative attitudes towards non-governmental organisations, external power primacy, and the authoritarian outlook. The results showed that while some imprints might have decayed, some have survived until today. Our findings underscore the enduring impact of Soviet imprints, and suggest that addressing these historical influences is crucial for enhancing volunteering among citizens of post-Soviet regions.

Lead isotopes in the context of the provenance of copper alloys and mutability processes in Lithuania from the second half of the 1st century to the 13th century AD

Audronė Bliujienė

Irma Vybernaitė-Lubienė

Veronika Biveinytė All authors (6)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v31i0.2667

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 31 (2024), pp. 98–126

Abstract

This paper presents the results of analysis of lead isotope ratios (208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb,

206Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 207Pb/206Pb) in copper alloys combined with chemical composition

studies of archaeological artefacts by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS).

The study covers a total of 208 samples collected from 55 sites spread all over Lithuania. The

chronological range of the study encompasses the period from the second half of the 1st century

AD to the 13th century AD. The repeated recycling of copper alloys, the addition of scrap materials

with varying compositions, and the mixing of lead from different geological ore deposits naturally

alter the original chemical composition of the alloy. The continuous recycling and alteration

of materials pose challenges in identifying the original connections between the regions of origin

of copper alloy ores in southern Eurasia and the users of these raw materials in the eastern Baltic

Sea region. Together with lead isotope ratio analysis, investigation of copper alloy types, copper

groups, and metal working technological development fundamentally changes the idea of a linear

exchange of non-ferrous metals. The analysis carried out in this research has enabled the identification

of the provenance and dissemination of non-ferrous metal raw materials (alloys and scrap

metal) as part of the European exchange network at local (the present territory of Lithuania),

regional (the eastern Baltic region), and trans-European levels.

Adaptability and resilience: farming practices in Lithuania during the Roman Iron Age

Karolis Minkevičius

Rokas Vengalis

Giedrė Piličiauskienė

All authors (6)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v31i0.2664

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 31 (2024), pp. 44–62

Abstract

This paper integrates archaeological, environmental and isotopic data from Roman Iron Age

(1–400 AD) settlements in Lithuania to present an updated framework for understanding the

development of farming and agricultural landscapes during this period. The study dates the introduction

of new crop species, such as rye and oats, to around 100–200 cal AD. Notably, rye

quickly became one of the most economically important crops, coinciding with the adoption

of the infield-outfield cultivation system. This system combined intensively farmed fields in

open, well-irrigated areas near settlements with more distant swiddens used for extensive farming.

Archaeobotanical analysis, along with δ15N and δ13C isotopic measurements of charred crop

assemblages, reveals a high level of diversification in both species composition and cultivation

strategies. These findings suggest that Roman Iron Age farmers employed complex farming methods

aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and expansion while maintaining adaptability

and resilience in response to environmental challenges.

The Discourse on the Formation of Permanent Compulsory Initial Military Service in Lithuania

Gerda Kazlauskienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/RFDS.V42I1.2601

Pub. online: 5 Mar 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 42, Issue 1 (2024), pp. 50–62

Abstract

In liberal democracies, the aim of the national armed forces is to protect the freedom and security of society as a whole by political

and military means, which leads to the rejection of compulsory military service as an obligatory form of self-defence. However,

in the context of shifting geopolitical stability, the subject of compulsory military service is growing in importance in the political

discourse. The present paper analyses the political discourse on the formation of permanent compulsory initial military service in

Lithuania, and places a particular focus on party programmes in elections held between 1992 and 2020. The content spectrum as

regards permanent compulsory initial military service represented in the party programmes of Lithuanian political parties between

1992 and 2020 is scarce, and gives a sketchy image of the service. By communicating the risks associated with being limited to

professional military service alone, the Conservatives make more frequent attempts than others at creating a political discourse on

permanent compulsory initial military service. By contrast, other political parties focus on the circumstances associated with the

geopolitical situation.

Human diet in Lithuania during the Late Roman and Migration periods ( ca. 200–700 AD) based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data

Edvardas Simčenka

Laurynas Kurila

Justina Kozakaitė

All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v30i0.2565

Pub. online: 28 Dec 2023 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 30 (2023), pp. 80–115

Abstract

In this study, 71 human individuals were subjected to stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N)

isotope analysis of bone collagen samples for the purpose of determining human dietary patterns

in Lithuania during the Late Roman and Migration periods. More specifically, based on the

isotopic data, the aim was to determine and evaluate any potential dietary differences between

individuals on the basis of their sex, age, social status and place of residence during the periods

in question. The results of this study suggest that there were isotopically clearly distinguishable

dietary differences between individuals from different parts/regions of Lithuania. Also, statistically

significant dietary differences (on the basis of δ15N values) between males and females

were observed (although, when making the same sex-based isotopic comparisons at an individual

site level, the same result was observed only among those from Marvelė cemetery). However, no

statistically significant isotopic differences were detected between different social or age groups.

Overall, these results give us one of the first glimpses into the types of dietary habits practiced by

people in various parts of Lithuania during the Roman and Migration periods, which could also

serve as a good starting point for future investigations into other dietary aspects in the territories

and periods in question that still remain unknown.

T-shaped antler axes in Lithuania : previously unrevealed Middle Holocene hunter-gatherer technology

Tomas Rimkus

Adomas Butrimas Harald Lübke

All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v30i0.2563

Pub. online: 28 Dec 2023 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 30 (2023), pp. 41–57

Abstract

This paper discusses one of the most characteristic hunter-gatherer osseous implements — the

T-shaped antler axe. These are made from red deer (Cervus elaphus) antler beam by removing the

trez tine and creating a perforation for a shaft in its place. This type of axe is quite widely known

in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic contexts of northern, western and central Europe. Until

now, T-shaped antler axes have been only sporadically mentioned in research on Lithuanian

prehistory. Ten T-axes are currently known from eight find locations, concentrated in western and

southern Lithuania. These axes were mainly discovered as single finds during wetland drainage or

peat extraction. Only two excavated sites contained T-axes in settlement refuse layers. This paper

provides details of the find circumstances and technological features of all ten axes, as well as the

results of AMS 14C dating. The dating suggests that this technology had already spread among

hunter-gatherers in the territory of Lithuania as early as the second half of the 6th millennium,

and continued at least until the transition to the 4th millennium cal BC.

ON THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL INNOVATION IN THE LITHUANIAN MILITARY

Paulina Budrytė Skaistė Valickaitė

https://doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v91i2.2560

Pub. online: 22 Dec 2023 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Tiltai Volume 91, Issue 2 (2023), pp. 190–207

Abstract

The article shows the expression of social innovation in the Lithuanian military. By presenting different innovation models and processes, the authors argue that social innovation could be an effective tool for increasing the efficiency, resilience and intelligence of the armed forces. While the general public perception of the military is very technocratic, social practices (leadership, collaboration, communication) can broaden that perception through social innovation. The empirical study reveals that the expression of social innovation enriches social practices, and introduces new perspectives, ranging from advanced mental health support measures to operational collaborative strategies. Social innovation can contribute to the management of contemporary challenges both in the military and in society. By presenting the current expression of social innovation, the paper reveals the opportunities for improving social innovation in the Lithuanian military.

Miracles and Divine Intervention during the Struggle between the Teutonic Order and Lithuania in Christian Narratives from the 14th Century

Yanina Ryier

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v44i0.2575

Pub. online: 7 Dec 2023 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 44 (2023): Christianisation in the East Baltic: (Re)interpretations of Artefacts, Views and Accounts = Christianizacija rytiniame Baltijos regione: artefaktų, pažiūrų ir pasakojimų (re)interpretacijos, pp. 147–168

Abstract

More than a hundred years of fighting between the Teutonic Order and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania have left us with a considerable amount of narrative sources that allow researchers today to imagine the language of the Christians who fought against the pagans, and to understand their beliefs and propaganda measures. One little-studied question in this regard is how the Christian narrative tradition of the 14th century portrayed miracles and divine intervention during the struggle between the Teutonic Order and Lithuania. To address this question, the author of the article focuses on the chronicles of the Teutonic Order, which represented the idea of the Crusade to the Lithuanian lands, and therefore showed a strong need to emphasise the religious aspect of the whole military conflict. At the same time, however, she also draws on other surviving documents for comparison, including Lithuanian and Ruthenian narrative sources. The author argues that the accounts of miracles and divine intervention in sources from the Teutonic Order were influenced by the nature of the Order as a religious military corporation and the chroniclers’ need to explain the campaigns to Lithuania as a holy war. It was this need that led them to place a great emphasis on the depiction of divine intervention in the campaigns of the crusaders to help them.

The Christianisation of the Baltic Seen from Medieval France

Loïc Chollet

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v44i0.2574

Pub. online: 7 Dec 2023 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The way the Baltic region was viewed in Christian Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages was strongly characterised by the fact that it was the land of the last pagans. Beginning with the crusade against the Wends (Polabian Slavs) in 1147, attempts to convert them in the region took the form of the Northern Crusades, authorised by the Pope. The Teutonic Order became the driving force behind these crusades from the 13th to the 15th centuries, and secured support in Christian Europe, including France. The representation of the east Baltic region, on which this article focuses, was mainly related to these crusades. The author’s aim is to provide an overview of the attitude of the French-related nobility and intellectual elite towards the Christianisation of the Baltic from the tenth to the 15th centuries, with a special focus on Lithuania. In the first half of the 14th century, many crusaders from France and neighbouring countries backed the Teutonic Order’s struggle against Lithuania. These expeditions, mostly a derivative of the crusades in the Holy Land, were seen as the epitome of the chivalric lifestyle. This view changed slowly after Grand Duke Jogaila acceded to the Polish throne in 1386 and a year later baptised the grand duchy. With the evangelisation of Žemaitija (Samogitia) in 1417, Lithuania was definitely considered a part of Christendom.

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