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The Formation of Sustainable Consumer Decision-making in the Digital Marketing and Media Ecosystem

Inta Ozola

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v49i2.2816

Pub. online: 2 Jul 2026 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 49, Issue 2 (2026), pp. 116–127

Abstract

Consumer decision-making is becoming increasingly complex in the context of digital transformation, particularly within sustainable

consumption. The digital marketing and media ecosystem not only ensures the availability of information, but also shapes perceptions,

trust and social norms. This study develops and empirically tests an integrated model of sustainable consumer decision-making in a digital environment. The study applies a quantitative approach based on a survey of 384 respondents, and uses structural equation modelling to assess direct and indirect relationships between the digital environment, information, trust and sustainable decisionmaking. The findings show that the digital environment significantly shapes information perception, while information quality and credibility are key drivers of trust. The results enhance our understanding of sustainable consumption as a structured and socially influenced process, and explain the attitude behaviour gap. The study highlights trust as a key element, and provides recommendations for improving digital communication and governance to support sustainable development.

Corporate Social Responsibility Engagement, Implementation Barriers, and Competitive Advantage in Latvian SMEs

Oļegs Ņikadimovs

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v49i2.2814

Pub. online: 2 Jul 2026 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 49, Issue 2 (2026), pp. 89–101

Abstract

This study examines whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) contributes to sustainable competitive advantage in Latvian small and

medium-size enterprises (SMEs), and whether perceived implementation barriers reduce that effect. The study draws on a cross-sectional

survey sample of 729 SMEs operating in 14 industries. The analysis uses hierarchical ordinary least squares moderation models with meancentred variables and HC3 heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors, controlling for firm size, firm age, and industry. Five item-level moderation models were estimated to assess specific barriers. The results indicate a positive association between CSR engagement and sustainable competitive advantage. However, the expected weakening effect of implementation barriers is not supported. The overall interaction was not significant, and the barrier-specific effects lacked robustness. The findings suggest that perceived implementation barriers should be understood as contextual challenges and boundary conditions, rather than as fixed constraints on CSR-related competitive advantage. Future research should test these relationships with longitudinal, broader regional and multi-respondent designs.

Improving Sustainability in Last-Mile Logistics in Retail and Service Systems

Vadym Derkach Jurgita Paužuolienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v49i2.2810

Pub. online: 2 Jul 2026 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 49, Issue 2 (2026), pp. 37–47

Abstract

This study develops and tests an applied framework for improving last-mile logistics sustainability in retail and service systems.

A structured literature review of peer-reviewed studies (2019–2026; n = 35) is combined with directed content analysis and semiquantitative coding. Six implementation practice groups are evaluated across eight indicators: emissions, resource efficiency, circularity,

cost, responsiveness, integration, transparency, and retail/service applicability. Based on the evidence matrix, a phased scenario

model is designed for an urban retail-service network handling 10,000 weekly deliveries. The results indicate that IoT-enabled real-time

visibility, blockchain-based traceability, and route optimisation with warehouse-transport synchronisation generate the strongest multicriteria effect. In the modelled transition from baseline to full implementation (S0–S3), weekly CO2 emissions decrease by 36.9%, unit fulfilment cost decreases by 18.7%, and on-time delivery increases by 9.1%.

ESG Performance in the Maritime Sector: Analysing the Case of European Ports

Vadym Derkach Jurgita Paužuolienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2725

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 19–30

Abstract

The integration of environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles in the maritime sector has become an essential component in enhancing sustainable development and operational transparency. This article explores the growing importance of ESG frameworks in the maritime industry, focusing on the practical applications and comparative assessment of ESG performance among four major European ports: the Port of Rotterdam, the Port of Antwerp-Bruges, the Port of Klaipėda, and A. P. Moller-Maersk. The paper investigates ESG maturity through a set of defined indicators, such as emissions, renewable energy use, green investment, social performance and governance transparency, offering a critical evaluation of their implementation across different port management

models. The findings highlight significant variability in ESG integration, with Rotterdam and Maersk leading in environmental and governance indicators, while Antwerp-Bruges and Klaipėda are still developing their ESG reporting practices. The study underscores the importance of standardised ESG frameworks, transparent reporting, and digital innovation for advancing sustainability in the maritime sector.

The Sustainable Development of Economic Entities and its Significance in Reducing the Impact on the Environment

Kęstutis Biekša

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v45i1.2700

Pub. online: 18 Mar 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 45, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 5–15

Abstract

Economic entities influence the environment significantly. Economic activity in the EU lacks skills, experience and financial and management

tools. Innovation is a key element of sustainable economic activity, but economic activity needs a complex approach to cover economic,

social and environmental aspects. The most common measure for environmental improvement is the reduction of energy and material

consumption. This article analyses the development of economic entities using the Innovation and Small Business Act (SBA) approach. The

research objective is to analyse how economic entities in EU countries develop their activities to achieve sustainability by reducing their

environmental impact. A comparison of the sustainability aspects of economic entities was carried out. The contribution of innovations was

analysed to assess the level of sustainability of economic entities in EU countries. The results show that the impact of the activities of economic entities needs to be assessed along the entire value chain, which assesses the social environment of economic entities. EU countries such as Finland, Germany, Slovenia and Sweden are leading the way in investing in innovation and sustainability measures. However, EU countries face challenges in implementing sustainability goals, because of the complexity of the system and a lack of attention from responsible institutions. Nevertheless, innovation is essential to reduce negative environmental impacts.

The Identification of Problems in Creating Sustainable Organisations in Ghana

Dennis Amofa-Appiah

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v44i3.2633

Pub. online: 25 Oct 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 44, Issue 3 (2024), pp. 5–16

Abstract

Organisations have been implementing strategies in their business to enhance the continuity of their operations. The emerging issues

related to environmental and social problems have made organisations implement sustainability strategies in their business activities.

The purpose of the study is to identify the problems in building sustainable organisations, and to make recommendations that will

improve sustainable organisations. The article consists of three main parts. The first is the theoretical part, which analyses the challenges

relating to sustainability implementations. The second involves the research methodology, which combined both quantitative

and qualitative methods in the study. The third part of the research focuses on empirical analysis and evaluation. The findings reveal

problems relating to an organisation’s inability to reward and motivate employees’ work or activities done, a lack of local funding

associated with environmentally friendly materials, and a lack of economic development sustainability policies. The research concludes

with recommendations for the effective building of a sustainable organisation.

The Challenges of Sustainable Development for a Coastal City: the Case of Klaipėda

Vaiva Jameljanova Daiva Verkulevičiūtė-Kriukienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2620

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 164–180

Abstract

Increasing poverty, the intensive use of natural resources, the spread of diseases, air pollution, the loss of biodiversity, and other global

and local problems in many areas of the world, have encouraged society to take concrete actions and initiatives. Coastal cities are

particularly sensitive to anthropogenic impact, so it is necessary to combine a dynamic economy with social development, separating

economic growth from environmental impact. This article analyses the problems of sustainable development in the coastal city of

Klaipėda in three respects: economic, social and environmental. The economic activity in the port city ensures its multifunctionality,

promotes the creation of jobs and the development of infrastructure, and is of great importance to the development of the entire region.

However, the city faces various socio-economic challenges, as well as environmental problems (air pollution, unpleasant smells,

noise, traffic problems). Intensive port activity increases the scale of these negative environmental problems. Therefore, the article

presents the main problems of sustainable development in the city, which were identified after analysing statistical data, analysing

city and port development documents, and interviewing experts. After systematising the obtained results, measures are proposed for

the solution of each problem, which are differentiated according to the areas of the city of Klaipėda.

Ecological Innovations in Shaping Sustainable Governance Policies

Vitalii Kruhlov Vitalii Kruhlov Volodymyr Moroz Volodymyr Moroz Dina Tereshchenko Dina Tereshchenko

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2613

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 72–82

Abstract

Environmental innovations, proposing resource-efficient technological solutions, are gaining increasing significance as factors in

the transition to sustainable development based on efficient governance models. The study explores the concept of environmental

innovations and sustainable governance, setting important sustainable development goals and stricter environmental standards. The

correlation between environmental indicators of European countries and the quality of governance is examined through comprehensive

indices and sociological surveys. The results confirm a moderate positive correlation, indicating the capabilities of capable state

institutions to achieve further progress in ensuring sustainable development indicators, albeit with certain regional variations. To

overcome existing challenges, there is a need to shape a comprehensive state policy that encompasses regulatory incentives and market

mechanisms throughout the innovation cycle. The proposed measures aim to stimulate demand for ‘green’ technologies, reduce

risks for private investment, and create favourable innovative systems. Therefore, the strategic integration of innovations can guide

governance reforms towards ensuring sustainable, inclusive and environmentally friendly development.

Tvarių investicijų tendencijos

Tomas Krikštaponis Agnė Šneiderienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v36i1.2510

Pub. online: 21 Feb 2023 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 39, Issue 1 (2023), pp. 46–57

Abstract

Pastaraisiais metais, vykstant sparčiai klimato kaitai, žmonių gyvenimo pokyčiams, ekologijos ir tvarumo temos tampa vis aktualesnės,

jaučiamas visų institucijų susirūpinimas, o investuotojai siekia investuoti į švaresnę ir skaidresnę aplinką, net jei tai sumažina

jų grąžą. Straipsnyje, taikant mokslinės literatūros palyginamosios analizės, sisteminimo ir apibendrinimo metodus, analizuojama

tvarių investicijų svarba, taikant statistinių duomenų analizės metodą – tokios tvarių investicijų tendencijos pasaulyje. Tyrimo tikslas

– išanalizuoti tvarių investicijų tendencijas pasaulyje 2016–2022 m. laikotarpiu. Atlikta mokslinės literatūros analizė atskleidė

augantį susidomėjimą tvariomis investicijomis. Aptariami investicijų privalumai ir ribojimai, septynios tvaraus investavimo strategijos.

Statistinių duomenų analizė atskleidė, kad tvarių investicijų apimtys sparčiai didėja, vis dėlto jos sudaro tik trečdalį visų pasaulio

investicinių fondų valdomo turto. Priimant tvarius investavimo sprendimus taikomos šios priemonės: trečiųjų šalių reitingai arba

apdovanojimai, emitento, arba bendrovių, ataskaitos.

Diversity Management as a Key Factor in the Regional Development Process

Anna Wziątek-Staśko

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v7i2.2382

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 8, Issue 3 (2012), pp. 265–274

Abstract

Economy operates in a broader social system, composed of households and enterprises but also by all institutions created by people. Law and politics is created and introduced in institutions in parallel to educational, administrative activities as well as any other social activities, including those related to the natural environment we live in. These institutions operate thanks to the social capital i.e. interconnected human resources. The quality of the social capital is dependent on mutual trust and relations in the society. For this reason, social capital is of key importance for sustainable development, both as a controller of the impact of the economy on the environment as well as the basis for the future development. The environment evolves continuously, there are rapidly changing economic processes and, in consequence, their impact on the environment is changing rapidly, tool. This brings some specific challenges to the resource and quality of human knowledge and the competence level of the human capital, as the only tool for a possible reduction of all imperfections.

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