Mokslo ir tikėjimo dialogai. Tiltai. Priedas: Mokslo darbai

Mokslo ir tikėjimo santykis, arba dialogas, ne visais amžiais buvo sklandus. Būta ir susipriešinimo, tam tikros kaktomušos, netgi didelių nesusipratimų ar nusivylimų. Bet tai jau praeitis. Šių dienų pasaulyje, kada taip pabrėžiama individo teisė į viską, – privatų gyvenimą, asmeninį pasirinkimą, darbą, gyvenimo būdą, religiją – tikėjimo išpažinimas tampa lyg savaime suprantama tolerancijos išraiška. Manytume, kad ateities pasaulis gali turėti viltį dėl ateities tik puoselėdamas tikėjimo vertybes, bent jau jų neignoruodamas, megzdamas dialogą su tuo, kas amžina, nepavaldu laiko tėkmei, materialumo trapumui. Kitaip žmogus savotiškai „apiplėštų“ pats save, gal net ir susinaikintų ar tiesiog tyliai išnyktų. Šviesios atminties šventasis popiežius Jonas Paulius II ypač pabrėžė tikėjimo ir mokslo svarbą. 1998 m. enciklikoje „Fides et Ratio“ teigė: „Šiandien tai dar aiškiau matyti, ypač susimąsčius apie tai, kad viena iš krikščionybės atneštų naujovių buvo visuotinės teisės pažinti tiesą pripažinimas. Griaudama rasines, socialines ir lyties sienas, krikščionybė nuo pat pradžių skelbė visų žmonių lygybę prieš Dievą. Iš to plaukianti pirmoji išvada susijusi su tiesos klausimu. Tiesos paieška ne be elitinio pobūdžio, kas buvo būdinga senovės žmonėms: kadangi kelias į tiesą atveria kelią į Dievą, jo niekam nevalia užginti. Yra daugybė kelių, vedančių į tiesą, kadangi krikščionybės tiesa turi išganomąją galią, galima rinktis bet kurį iš jų, jei tik jis veda į galutinį tikslą, tai yra į Jėzaus Kristaus Apreiškimą“ (Fides et Ratio, nr. 38).

This article analyses relationship between theological since and psychology. Bible’s and Catholic Church teaching regarding person’s dignity, free will and equality are presented. From that perspective analysed methods used by representatives of cognitive and experience psychology schools in process of spiritual – psychological counselling. Spiritual counselling is understood as open to religious feeling (faith) relationship between too persons or between person and the group. Church, by proclaiming Gospel, brings hope to the people, gives meaning to the life and death, love and suffering, brings existential foundation to the daily life. Such spiritual counselling gives truthful assessment of the person’s situation and helps to see in the light of faith, meaning that the person is helped by the spiritual counsellor to go throe crisis situation getting strength from the faith. Article gives special notice to the personal faith of the counsellor and its importance in his service. Counsellor wile using different psychological methods should fill them with Christian approach to the human person, and by doing so help ones who find them selves in crisis or trying to find answers to the existential questions of life’s meaning. Every psychology school has it methods to understand and to help human persons. Article takes special notice of the cognitive and experience psychology schools and their methods and how they treat human person looking from the Christian perspective of human dignity, his freedom of will and unconditional worth in it self. It is noticed special need to see human as person created by God, seeking to see him more than a victim of circumstances or a person afflicted by different fears and complexes.

“Today Christ calls us to agree with Him and follow Him on the path which transforms all our existence” (Pope Francis). The first transformation takes place through Baptism. Baptism pardons all our sins both original and personal. However, forgiveness of the original sin remains a controversial truth of faith. Pope Benedict XVI said that “original sin is usually hard to understand” and therefore talking about original sin is a way to say that salvation is primarily universal and not individual. In order to more fully understand what happens at Baptism, this article overviews Biblical aspects of the original sin, development of the doctrine of the original sin in the history of the Church and consequences of the primordial sin. It is also revealed what Baptism does to the original sin.

In diesem Artikel, auf Grund der systematisch durchgeführten Forschungen und zusammengebrachten Archivalien, erforscht man die Wirkung und die Geschichte der Evangelisch theologischen Fakultät der Universität Vytautas der Magnus in Kaunas als Beispiel den konfessionellen Politik die war geführt von der Seite der Litauischen Regierung in dem Gebiet Klaipėda / Memel in der zwischenkrieg Zeit. Das ist die Forschung derer Ziel ist zu erforschen wie durch die Entwicklung der Fakultät waren verwirklicht die Ideen und Modellen des nationalen litauischen Bewusstseins die waren entwickelt von den Stellvertretern der selber Nation aber in den Verschiedenen historischen und konfessionellen umständen. Dieser Artikel ist vorbereitet im Jahre 2014 in Rahmen des Nationalen Projektes „Transfer der Ideen in dem Kontexte der nationalen Wiedergeburt. Dialog zwischen Preußisch Litauen und Litauen.“ – Förderung des Wissenschaft Rates Litauens. Projekt MIP-14122.

The article analyzes the Christian Church in the first centuries of controversy about the divine mercy and understanding of the operation in the believer’s life. Briefly reviewing the biblical teaching about the divine grace. Highlights the key terms in the Old and New Testaments. It reviews the doctrines of grace in the origins of Gnostic Manichean sects. Discussion about the operation of the grace of one of the greatest the echoes reached the Pelagius and St. Augustine teachings. Their doctrine, especially Augustine, centuries later influenced the development of the Catholic doctrine of grace for the individual man and for the whole Church. Augustine understood the divine grace of anthropological perspectives as a new relationship with God through Jesus Christ’s saving event. This relationship is just a pure gift from God, given to everyone who has faith in the Savior. By their nature the man deserves such a gift, so it is in vain received grace, leads man to the justification, and thus to eternal salvation.

The question is – whether Mournful lamentations it’s local o non-local tradition? Purpose of the research: investigate music of the Mournful lamentations songs in Lithuania. The conclusions validate the hypothesis that the Mournful lamentations music in Lithuania is non – local, but brought with Lithuanian colour.

The tradition of the European maritime culture is directly related to development of spiritual and mental horizons of the personality. The most prominent factors of the maritime development are as follows: Arabic origins of the maritime navigation and astrophysics; Greek mythology and philosophy raising sea symbols; maritime missions, which have been encouraged from the Judeo-Christian mentality and manifested on new geographic and ethnographic discoveries. The decisive role of this mentality appeared in formation of European states and institutional culture, in development of literacy and rising of universities from monastic libraries (X–XI c.) and first Portuguese maritime schools (XV c.). Aim of the research is a revelation of moments of a transcendental ideal of the European maritime self-concept as an important cultural leap. Tasks of the research are as follows: analysis of a pagan basis of the maritime self-concept, and discussion of a valuable direction of the Judeo-Christian maritime self-concept. The research type is theoretically descriptive. There were used such research methods: retrospective, comparative, heuristic analysis of scientific literature, interpretation, systemization and synthesis. Methodological attitude is neotomism that refers to the transcendental ideal of the European culture identity formation in long-term prospect.

The article analyses axiological and hodegetic ideas by M. Pečkauskaitė-Šatrijos Ragana. Aspects of neotomistic ethics in the writer’s attitude towards human virtuousness and preparation for eschatological fulfilment are highlighted. Cultivation of virtues is revealed as an essential prerequisite to faith. Virtuousness reveals to people horizons of freeing truth and a possibility to overstep human imperfection. Love is actualised in this context as a fundamental value with eschatological continuity and remaining in the hope and perspective of divine eternity. An important role in M. Pečkauskaitė’s pedagogical concept is assigned to personal self-reflection enabling self-knowledge and an adequate evaluation of one’s actions and spiritual culture. Eschatological conception of the meaning of time, when all human attempts are directed towards eternal perspective, is presented.

In his literary cycle The Chronicles of Narnia Clive Staples Lewis conveyed the Biblical plot, Christian values and moral virtues. The main leitmotif apparent in The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis is development of the relation with Jesus Christ. In order to achieve this purpose, the author skilfully employed the main characters and their actions to render cardinal moral virtues of wisdom, justice, strength and self-restraint. This article reveals the expression of the above mentioned cardinal moral virtues in C. S. Lewis’s literary cycle The Chronicles of Narnia through systematization of the actions of the characters and expressions of Biblical motifs. C. S. Lewis relies on his Christian wisdom to present a sketch of theological moral virtues which could be used as guidelines in moral education of the youth.

This paper presents development of school buildings influenced by certain principles of educational paradigm and new educational ideas. The research is interdisciplinary, as it questions how physical education environment complies with the concept of education. Importance of study, which involves analysis of the educational nature and the architectural space is evident not only in Lithuania but also in the whole world at the moment of change of the educational nature, when the existing buildings are renewed according to the changed needs, and new educational architectural objects are built rarely. This article covers a review of period until the year 1940 of Lithuanian schools architecture and educational provisions in a wider context, necessary for further studies to find out whether the changing educational tasks and teaching methods have changed the school buildings.