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Author: Arvydas Ramonas

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OSWALDO SPENGLERIO „VAKARŲ SAULĖLYDŽIO“ PRANAŠYSTĖS FENOMENAS IR JO INTERPRETACIJOS | THE PHENOMENON OF OSWALD SPENGLER’S “Sunset of the West” PROPHECY AND ITS INTERPRETATIONS

Arvydas Ramonas

Vita Bajarova

https://doi.org/10.15181/rh.v33i0.2740

Pub. online: 17 Dec 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 33, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 62–78

Abstract

The article analyses Oswald Spengler’s philosophical work The Decline of the West, and the related philosophical and cultural context of the 20th century. This controversial work was written a hundred years ago, between 1918 and 1922, but its original contents remain relevant today. The author analysed the stages of development of world history, paying great attention to Western civilisation. History was understood in the sense of cyclical, recurring periodicity. Historical events repeat themselves, they are born, reach a climax, and die. In this sense, the idea is still relevant today, for example, in terms of peace and war in Europe. Even then, Spengler sensed that the devaluation of spiritual values would lead to a new war. And it so happened. In the face of the current war between Russia and Ukraine, we can see that history is indeed repeating itself. It is interesting to note that, according to the author, crises occur when morality and moral values decline. According to him, Christianity can no longer offer a very solid spiritual foundation; the God it proclaims seems neutral to the course of history, unknowable and distant. This is partially why nihilism, rationalism and pessimism appear, and then political authoritarianism, excessive individualism and honorifics, which begin to destroy the foundations of civilisation from within. Not all of Spengler’s prophecies have come true. It is true that there are many manifestations of all this even now; but the decline of the West that he predicted has only been partially fulfilled, because Christianity has not disappeared, and man is still searching for authentic truth, meaning and God today.

Katalikų Bažnyčios mokymas apie Dievo Motiną Mariją

Arvydas Ramonas

https://doi.org/10.15181/rh.v23i0.1786

Pub. online: 28 Mar 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 23, Issue 1 (2018), pp. 23–41

Abstract

The article analyzes the teachings of the Catholic Church about the Mother of God of Mary. Such teaching is basically based on four dogmas about Virgin Mary: The Mother of God, The Virgin, The Immaculate Conception and The Assumption. The doctrine of the Catholic Church is distinguished from other Christian denominations by the fact that it has a unified and rather precise teaching not only about Mary, but also about other things of faith and morals in general. The person of Mary is examined in the light of the teachings of the Holy Scriptures, Tradition and Magisterium. This is important to emphasize that the main four dogmas have been formed over the centuries, based on the beliefs of the faithful (sensus fidei), approved by the universal assembly of the Church and by the popes solemnly proclaimed ex cathedra, as probable truths that are obligatory for all Catholics.

Psichologinė religinių jausmų svarba Williamo Jameso požiūriu

Arvydas Ramonas

https://doi.org/10.15181/rh.v31i0.2582

Pub. online: 3 Jan 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 31 (2023), pp. 47–57

Abstract

The article analyzes the theme of the psychology of religion by the American psychologist William James. It is treated in the context of the works of other pioneers of psychological science at that time. James saw positive sides in religiosity/faith: it is a stimulating factor in life, an integrating aspect of human maturation and even a fundamental factor in human spiritual hygiene. Without religion, it is difficult to achieve the meaning of life, and empirical science, in his opinion, was increasingly eroding the foundations of religion. Therefore, in search of a way out, he tried to create the so-called optimistic philosophy. James explained that a psychologist can be just as objectively interested in religious phenomena as in other everyday psychological matters. Psychology can study theological phenomena, but there is one limitation – psychological research is limited to the area of human feelings and will, which means that it does not study doctrinal questions of the Church institution. The sanctity provided by faith helps a person to gain psychological balance, opens new horizons of life, broadens horizons and gives hope for eternity.

EGZISTENCIALIZMO FILOSOFIJOS POVEIKIS VYTAUTO MAČERNIO KŪRYBAI

Jurgita Paužienė Arvydas Ramonas

https://doi.org/10.15181/mtd.v0i9.2593

Pub. online: 3 Jan 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Mokslo ir tikėjimo dialogai Volume 53, Issue 9 (2023), pp. 24–53

Abstract

The article analyses briefly the poetry of the Lithuanian poet Vytautas Mačernis, and especially the influence of Existentialist philosophy on his work. Authors such as Soren Kierkegaard, Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger, and the influence of their thought on this author, are touched on. Mačernis searched in philosophy for answers to questions that constantly arose for him about the meaning of his existence in this world, purifying true values. He believed that in this way he could find the answer to how to remain human in a constantly changing and dangerous world. That is how he found God and Christian values, love of country, and patriotism. He was moved by the dialectic of life and death, the opposition of good and evil, and the majesty of human life. The poet believed firmly in eternal life, that death does not end a person’s existence: it only changes, not ceases. Mačernis was constantly looking for truth and answers to questions of human existence, feeling that his life was temporary, and that he needed to hurry if he wanted to live meaningfully.

Pratarmė

Arvydas Ramonas

Pub. online: 3 Jan 2024 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Mokslo ir tikėjimo dialogai Volume 53, Issue 9 (2023), pp. 4–5

Abstract

Šiais laikais jau klausiama, ar kompiuteris gali pranokti žmogų, jį kažkaip pakeisti egzistenciniuose dalykuose. Pavyzdžiui, vykstant Rusijos agresijos prieš Ukrainą karui matome, kad mašinos, dronai, apskritai žvalgyba be informacinių technologijų nebeapsieina. Karą laimi tie, kurie labiau šioje srityje pažengę, turi daugiau technikos. Didelis pavojus tyko dirbtiniam intelektui vis labiau kėsinantis užkariauti mūsų gyvenimo dalį. Pavyzdžiui, robotas jau gali kurti dainas, rašyti tekstus norima tema, atlikti su mokslu susijusias užduotis ir t. t. Viso to nebaugu priimti, jei tuo nebus piktnaudžiaujama. Lieka neatsakytas klausimas, kaip atskirti, kas yra tikra, o kas – ne. Dirbtinis intelektas niekada nepakeis autentiškos kultūros, religijos, bendrystės, paties gyvenimo. Kūrėjas sukūrė žmogų, kuris ieško amžinųjų atsakymų į egzistencijos klausimus, veržiasi prie dvasinių vertybių ir trokšta amžinumo, nemirtingumo. Jokiam robotui tai nebūdinga.

Paskutinio teismo, pragaro ir rojaus samprata Sergejaus Bulgakovo kūryboje

Arvydas Ramonas

https://doi.org/10.15181/rh.v30i0.2458

Pub. online: 29 Dec 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 30 (2022), pp. 158–176

Abstract

The article presents theological thoughts on eschatological themes of Sergei Bulgakov, one of the most prominent theologians and priests in the Russian Orthodox Church in the late 19th and early 20th century. These themes touch on theological concepts of God’s last judgment, heaven and hell. Bulgakov interprets God’s last judgment in a very modern way, as a confrontation of the truth with its own primordial image in the idea of God. To the extent that the ‘final’ life of the person who has lived it differs from the best version of what it could have been if God’s will had been followed, so does the pain of unrealised happiness. The outcome of such a confrontation with truth is either heaven or hell. For Bulgakov, hell is not infinitely eternal. He believes that at the very end, when time and space no longer exist, those in hell can still experience God’s mercy. Hell is a lost God, heaven is a found God. Such thoughts are made all the more dramatic by the fact that Bulgakov’s work took place at a difficult political, economic and cultural time, both in Russia and in Europe, with the Bolshevik October Revolution, the First World War, and the Second World War. The influence of these processes on theology is also a focus of the article.

NAŠLYSTĖS FENOMENAS ŠIUOLAIKINĖJE VISUOMENĖJE: PSICHOLOGINIAI ASPEKTAI

Audronė Guzikauskienė Arvydas Ramonas

https://doi.org/10.15181/mtd.v0i8.2482

Pub. online: 23 Dec 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Mokslo ir tikėjimo dialogai Volume 52, Issue 8 (2022), pp. 111–127

Abstract

The central principle and goal of Christian life is the lifelong pursuit of Christ-likeness in our thinking and our relationships with people and the world. People are called to grow, to celebrate, to seek true friendship with God in their present life situation. The essence of holiness, the fullness of the Christian life, is union with Christ, living his mysteries, which is possible in every situation of life. The period of widowhood is painful, but it is an invitation to purify oneself inwardly, to grow in love, and to serve one’s neighbours and all other members of the Church and of society. This is the origin of the spirituality of widowhood, a holiness based on faith. Widows can contribute to the holiness of the Church by living in God’s grace, by accepting and managing their situation psychologically, and by giving themselves up to God and to others. Widows often experience the loss of a spouse as an irreversible fact, a loss that matures them, so that, in the light of their faith, they are able to adapt to the changed reality and rebuild their lives.

PSICHOLOGINĖS PRIEMONĖS, PALAIKANČIOS ŽMOGAUS EGZISTENCIJĄ KALĖJIME

Arvydas Ramonas Irena Jonikaitė

https://doi.org/10.15181/mtd.v0i7.2309

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Mokslo ir tikėjimo dialogai Volume 51, Issue 7 (2021), pp. 90–121

Abstract

The article analyzes the psychological measures that support human existence in prison. The main source chosen is the novel “Notes from the House of the Dead” (1861–1862) by Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–1881), a classic of Russian literature, which was written based on his personal experience as a political prisoner (1849–1859). The author, above the gloomy life in prison, the poor household and the dehumanization of convicts, raises the effort to remain human and the hidden features of personal goodness hidden in the prison system. The article discusses why prisoners feel differently being in the same environment. The provision of needs according to the hierarchy of human needs established by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow and the changed concept of freedom served as a psychological support for the convicts. Survival was aided by a different perception of time spent in prison as non-existent in human life and physical work as a way to be forgotten.

DIEVIŠKOSIOS MALONĖS SAMPRATA ŠV. AUGUSTINO IR PELAGIJAUS MOKYME

Arvydas Ramonas

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Mokslo ir tikėjimo dialogai Volume 45, Issue 1 (2015), pp. 82–98

Abstract

The article analyzes the Christian Church in the first centuries of controversy about the divine mercy and understanding of the operation in the believer’s life. Briefly reviewing the biblical teaching about the divine grace. Highlights the key terms in the Old and New Testaments. It reviews the doctrines of grace in the origins of Gnostic Manichean sects. Discussion about the operation of the grace of one of the greatest the echoes reached the Pelagius and St. Augustine teachings. Their doctrine, especially Augustine, centuries later influenced the development of the Catholic doctrine of grace for the individual man and for the whole Church. Augustine understood the divine grace of anthropological perspectives as a new relationship with God through Jesus Christ’s saving event. This relationship is just a pure gift from God, given to everyone who has faith in the Savior. By their nature the man deserves such a gift, so it is in vain received grace, leads man to the justification, and thus to eternal salvation.

ISTORINIO JĖZAUS PĖDSAKAIS: PONCIJAUS PILOTO ATVEJIS

Arvydas Ramonas

https://doi.org/10.15181/mtd.v5i0.2014

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Mokslo ir tikėjimo dialogai Volume 49, Issue 5 (2019), pp. 69–85

Abstract

The article analyses the historical context of the life and activities of Jesus of Nazareth, and includes the person of Pontius Pilate. At the centre of the Christian faith has always been and is the figure of Jesus Christ. Therefore, Christology occupies an important place in theological studies. No theological study will be complete without a deeper look at Jesus Christ. Christology has received particular attention throughout the centuries, but studies over the last few decades, especially in the second half of the twentieth century, place particular emphasis on the historical person and context of Jesus Christ. In this context, various historical figures are found. This includes Pontius Pilate. This deputy of the Roman emperor ruled Palestine at the very time when Jesus Christ lived and acted in it. He entered history as one of his participants in the trial, initially trying to justify Jesus, but eventually condemning him and perishing with the “Jewish hands”.

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