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FINANCIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS TO PROVIDING HEALTH-CARE SERVICES TO PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: THE EXPERIENCE OF PHYSICIANS

Liudmila Rupšienė Regina Saveljeva Aleksandra Batuchina All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v92i1.2622

Pub. online: 19 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Tiltai Volume 92, Issue 1 (2024), pp. 23–36

Abstract

The World Health Organization acknowledges that the health of people in the European region has improved significantly, but not everywhere and not equally for all. It has set a strategic goal to improve the health of all, and reduce health inequalities. In meeting this goal, Lithuania purposefully strives to reduce inequalities in the health condition of individuals attributed to different social groups, and differences in accessibility to health care. The primary focus is on people with disabilities. In compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Lithuania seeks to provide people with disabilities with health-care services and programmes of the same availability, quality and level which are provided or applied to other individuals, free of charge or at a reasonable price. However, research has revealed a great deal of problems in fulfilling this obligation. The present article focuses on physicians’ experience, and aims to understand, from a physician’s perspective, the financial opportunities and barriers that they encounter in rendering health-care services to people with disabilities. A survey involving 107 physicians was carried out in 2019 and 2020. The research results showed that Lithuania is making progress in increasing funding to the health-care system in a targeted way covering a wide range of its domains. Therefore, physicians have plenty of opportunities to refer patients with disabilities to other professionals for consultation without any financial constraints, to prescribe reimbursable medication, to carry out laboratory and radiological tests, to give instructions to caregivers on patient care, and to hospitalise a patient or transfer him/her to another hospital. The situation is somewhat worse with prescribing the most appropriate reimbursable measures and reimbursable rehabilitation treatment, and the worst situation has emerged in the sphere of reimbursable psychological and social assistance, because these services are usually granted a minimum level of funding. The trends established verify that there is a strong need to develop a more effective public health policy in Lithuania, to reform the health-care system, and to invest in improving its quality, so that the country can take more measures to ensure the health of the population and the inclusive equality of people with disabilities in the health-care system.

Preface

Elvyra Acienė

Pub. online: 19 Jul 2024 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Tiltai Volume 92, Issue 1 (2024), pp. 1–2

Abstract

Scientific journal Tiltai / Bridges / Brücken published by Klaipėda University (established in 1991) is devoted to the issues of social sciences, and seeking academic dialogue, also to other human and society functioning-related humanities and biomedical sciences, with expand and interpret different social phenomena and current issues from an interdisciplinary perspective. The publications attempts at analysing and solving actual problems of economy, management, demography, social geography, geopolitics, political sciences, history, education, religious, regional planning and land use, other social problems. Science has no borders. Therefore scientific cooperation is one of the most important elements in the progress of world’s community. Scientists from different countries of the world are kindly invited to write for and contribute to the journal.

Tiltai / Bridges is the scientifical periodical magazine, which publications, by the decision of Lithuanian Science Council, are recognized as convenient for doctoral dissertations and pedagogical scientific names.

SUBJECTIVELY PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS

Brigita Kreivinienė

Marina Bondareva

https://doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v92i1.2621

Pub. online: 19 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Tiltai Volume 92, Issue 1 (2024), pp. 1–22

Abstract

The scientific article analyses the subjectively perceived quality of life of adult patients with mental and behavioural disorders, and its relationship to the certification of day care institutions according to the EQUASS quality implementation system and the links with health services provided to adults with disabilities. The aim of the research is to investigate the correlations between the subjectively perceived quality of life of patients with mental and behavioural disorders and the health services provided. The article presents a research study involving 13 respondents (seven men and six women) with mental and behavioural disorders. Qualitative research with the in-depth interview method was applied. The respondents ranged in age from 20 to 48 years (the mean age was 32), all of them had attended the day care centre for from one to 20 years (the average attendance was 7.5 years). The research data were processed using narrative analysis. The research results revealed that adults with mental and behavioural disorders perceive the health system integratively. The essential triangulation that influences the assessment of their subjectively good quality of life was identified: the characteristics of the person himself/herself, the efficiency of services provided, and the professionalism of the employee. It was also found that for respondents receiving inpatient services for ten years or more, the subjectively perceived quality of life is related to social participation in the community. It was also identified that adults with mental disabilities still face stigmatisation; therefore, it is necessary to legally ensure the context of their social participation and valorisation. The research revealed that medical and social services for patients with mental and behavioural disorders require closeness: a person after in-patient treatment and receiving additional psychosocial rehabilitation services focuses on the valorisation of his/her role in society and social participation.

The Challenges of Sustainable Development for a Coastal City: the Case of Klaipėda

Vaiva Jameljanova Daiva Verkulevičiūtė-Kriukienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2620

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 164–180

Abstract

Increasing poverty, the intensive use of natural resources, the spread of diseases, air pollution, the loss of biodiversity, and other global

and local problems in many areas of the world, have encouraged society to take concrete actions and initiatives. Coastal cities are

particularly sensitive to anthropogenic impact, so it is necessary to combine a dynamic economy with social development, separating

economic growth from environmental impact. This article analyses the problems of sustainable development in the coastal city of

Klaipėda in three respects: economic, social and environmental. The economic activity in the port city ensures its multifunctionality,

promotes the creation of jobs and the development of infrastructure, and is of great importance to the development of the entire region.

However, the city faces various socio-economic challenges, as well as environmental problems (air pollution, unpleasant smells,

noise, traffic problems). Intensive port activity increases the scale of these negative environmental problems. Therefore, the article

presents the main problems of sustainable development in the city, which were identified after analysing statistical data, analysing

city and port development documents, and interviewing experts. After systematising the obtained results, measures are proposed for

the solution of each problem, which are differentiated according to the areas of the city of Klaipėda.

The Potential of Christmas Markets for the Development of Positive Attitudes Towards Diversity: Students’ Ideas

Ekaterina Tomova

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2619

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 152–163

Abstract

The paper presents the results of a study conducted with 18 students, future teachers. In the course of the study, the students are instructed

to design an activity (activities) in a Christmas market, with the focus being the implementation of educational interactions

aimed at developing positive attitudes in children towards diversity. Students are requested to submit their work in the form of a text

or a presentation. The aim of the study is to establish to what extent attending Christmas markets is likely to facilitate the development

of positive attitudes in children towards diversity. The main tasks are to analyse the students’ texts, to ascertain the presence or

absence of educational opportunities in their proposed activities, and to systematise and interpret the results. The research methods

used are theoretical analysis, content analysis, and rating scale.

The System of Preventive, Corrective-Educational and Resocialising Activities in the Republic of Bulgaria

Daniel Polihronov

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2618

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 141–151

Abstract

The report presents the structure of the system of institutions for preventive, corrective-educational and resocialising activities in

the Republic of Bulgaria. Three subsystems are distinguished: social, socio-pedagogical, and penitentiary. Each of them includes

different institutions of boarding and non-boarding type in a complex relation of subordination and coordination, subject to specific

regulations. The activity of the institutions in the system of preventive, corrective-educational and resocialising activities is

characterised by a number of specific features in social, organisational, managerial, educational and methodological aspects, which

are presented as working recommendations in accordance with the current socio-pedagogical conditions. A good knowledge of the

system is extremely important for all specialists who work in the social, educational and judicial areas. For effective work in it, interinstitutional

interaction is decisive, both within the system itself and outside it, with external factors in relation to the problems of the

person with antisocial and illegal behaviour.

Vaikų emocinės sveikatos ugdymas(is) ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigoje: mokytojų nuomonės ir patirtys

Neringa Strazdienė Gitana Tolutienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2617

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 128–140

Abstract

Ikimokykliniame amžiuje dedami vaiko emocinės sveikatos pamatai, siekiant optimalios vaiko fizinės, emocinės, socialinės ir

pažinimo brandos. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti ikimokyklinio ugdymo mokytojų nuomones bei patirtis vaikų emocinės sveikatos

ugdymo(si) ypatumų ir galimybių ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigoje aspektais. Interviu būdu apklausta 10 ikimokyklinio ugdymo

mokytojų. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad vaikų emocinę sveikatą lemia alfa kartos vaikų bruožai, jos ugdymui(si) teigiamą poveikį daro

šie veiksniai: saugumo užtikrinimas, kokybiško laiko su vaiku leidimas, mokymas(is) pažinti ir tinkamai reikšti jausmus, dėmesys

vaiko gebėjimams ir jo fiziniam aktyvumui. Vaikų emocinės sveikatos ugdymo(si) procese tikslinga taikyti žaidimų, pagyrimų ir paskatinimų,

pokalbių metodus, išnaudoti įvairių programų, projektinės veiklos, dailės terapijos, nusiraminimo pertraukėlių, kasdienių

gyvenimiškų situacijų, savarankiškos vaikų veiklos teikiamas galimybes.

Investigating the Relationship Between Graduate Learners’ Attitudes Towards Online Learning and Social Anxiety

Nilgun Ozdamar Nilgun Ozdamar Ummuhan Icme Ummuhan Icme

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2616

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 111–127

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between graduate students’ attitudes towards online learning and their social anxiety levels. Our

research question is whether students’ levels of social anxiety and attitudes towards online learning differ according to demographic

variables. The study was conducted by adopting a causal-comparative and correlational research design. The data was collected from

142 students enrolled on Anadolu University Graduate School of Social Sciences and t h e Graduate School of Educational Sciences

online master’s degree programmes in the 2020–2021 academic year. The data instruments used in the study were a personal

information form developed by the researchers and scales measuring social anxiety in online learning environments and attitudes

towards online learning. The results of the study showed a negative correlation between social anxiety and attitudes towards online

learning. The implications of the study and suggestions for future research are also discussed in the present study.

Rusijos agresijos atspindžiai 2023 m. savivaldos rinkimuose

Audris Narbutas

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2615

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 97–110

Abstract

Nors tiesioginiai merų rinkimai buvo viena didžiausių pastarojo dešimtmečio Lietuvos politinės sistemos reformų, paskatinusi

2022 m. Lietuvos Respublikos Seimą balsuoti dėl Konstitucijos, tačiau ši tema ir savivaldos rinkimai apskritai kol kas Lietuvos

politologų dėmesio sulaukia tik epizodiškai. Tarp negausių politologinių tyrimų savivaldos tematika dar mažiau dėmesio tenka studijoms,

nagrinėjančioms kandidatų į merus bei savivaldybių tarybas programas. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra iš dalies užpildyti žiojinčią

spragą, analizuojant vieno didžiausių pastarojo meto įvykių – Rusijos agresijos Ukrainoje atspindžius 2023 m. merų bei savivaldybių

tarybų rinkimuose. Siekiant šio tikslo išnagrinėti visose 60 Lietuvos savivaldybių vykę merų ir savivaldybių tarybų narių rinkimai.

Taikant kiekybinę turinio analizę išanalizuotos visų kandidatų į merus ir savivaldybių VRK skelbiamos rinkiminės programos.

Surinkti empiriniai duomenys leido politines organizacijas bei vyravusias temas skirstyti į blokus. Atlikta analizė atskleidė, kad,

nepaisant didelio visuomenės susidomėjimo Rusijos agresija Ukrainoje bei savivaldybių pareigos rūpintis civiline sauga, daugelyje

iš nagrinėtų savivaldybių ši tema liko išvis neminėta. Be to, didesnis dėmesys saugumo klausimams nepadėjo politikams laimėti

rinkimų. Galiausiai didesniu aktyvumu komunikuojant apie saugumą pasižymėjo tos politinės organizacijos, kurių nacionaliniu

lygmeniu dažniausiai nesame linkę sieti su saugumo tematika.

The Expression of Teacher-Leadership in the Organisation of the Educational Process at a Progymnasium

Aurimas Labanauskas

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2614

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 83–96

Abstract

In this article, the problem of the expression of teacher-leadership at a progymnasium through the organisation of the educational process

is analysed. The qualitative research accomplished revealed that progymnasium teachers have no doubts regarding the need to have

more than one leader at a school, with the significance of a teacher-leader present in this context, and the emphasis on the community, as

a factor impacting teacher-leadership. A teacher-leader at a progymnasium should have organisational skills, be communicative and creative,

and possess the skills to inspire and persuade others. Teacher-leadership can be successfully spread by seeking high achievements

by pupils, cooperating with parents, communicating with teaching colleagues, and organising the educational process. Resistance to the

ideas of teachers, their age, and large workloads, are considered as the greatest problems and obstacles teacher-leaders face working at

progymnasiums. Cooperation with other progymnasiums, and participation in projects and in the process of taking strategic decisions

are considered as the main areas of the significance of leadership in the organisation of the educational process.

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