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Preface

Audronė Bliujienė

Pub. online: 22 Jul 2016 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 23 (2016): The Sea and the Coastlands, pp. 7–11

Control Point Selection for Dimensionality Reduction by Radial Basis Function

Kotryna Paulauskienė Olga Kurasova

https://doi.org/10.15181/csat.v4i1.1095

Pub. online: 11 Feb 2016 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Computational Science and Techniques Volume 4, Issue 1 (2016), pp. 487–499

Abstract

The paper presents the results on the dimensionality reduction technique which is based on radial basis function (RBF) theory. The technique uses RBF for mapping multidimensional data points into a low-dimensional space by interpolating the previously calculated position of so-called control points. This paper analyses various ways of selection of control points (regularized orthogonal least squares method, random and stratified selections). The experiments have been carried out with 8 real and artificial data sets. Positions of the control points in a low-dimensional space are found by principal component analysis. Combinations of RBF technique with random and stratified selections outperformed RBF with regularized orthogonal least squares algorithm regarding to computation time analysing all data sets. We demonstrate that random and stratified selections of control points are efficient and acceptable in terms of balance between projection error (stress) and time-consumption.

Paramilitarism and Opportunities for its Application: Research by Historians at Klaipėda University

Vygantas Vareikis

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2015 Type: Discussion

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 31 (2015): Empires and Nationalisms in the Great War: Interactions in East-Central Europe = Imperijos ir nacionalizmai Didžiajame kare: sąveikos Vidurio Rytų Europoje, pp. 220–223

The Flash of a Meteor Lighting up the Silhouette of the Past, or…

Dainius Elertas

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2015 Type: Discussion

Open Access

Étienne François on the Ambiguous Remembrance of the Great War in Europe

Vasilijus Safronovas

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2015 Type: Interview

Open Access

Displacement and Education: Some Observations on the Situation in Ober Ost, between 1914 and 1918

Andrea Griffante

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v31i0.1206

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2015 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The German occupation of Ober Ost during the First World War represented an undeniable incentive for further nation and state-building in the occupied lands. Although in the early 20th century education societies had already spread their networks, it was during the years of the German occupation that the centralisation and consolidation of the education network could take place. Regardless of the fact that some ideological divisions between education societies endured, both the limitations imposed by the occupying regime and the existence of a relief committee, the Lithuanian War Relief Committee, with the task to coordinate virtually all Lithuanian activities, functioned as means of rationalising the whole education system. Not only did the Lithuanian War Relief Committee try to overcome ideological divisions in the field of education, but its quasi-state structure also helped to create, finance and effectively direct the whole official network of Lithuanian educational institutions.

Wild East: German Impressions on Lithuania, 1915–1918

Joachim Tauber

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v31i0.1205

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2015 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The German army entered the Russian Empire in the spring of 1915, and by the autumn it had occupied most of the territory on which later the independent state of Lithuania was founded. For almost three years, from the autumn of 1915, the area was governed by the Supreme Commander in the East (Oberbefehlshaber Ost), i.e. military administration. Mainly on the basis of the newspapers published in the Ober Ost area in the years of the First World War, as well as other sources, the author seeks to show how German soldiers, and Germans in a broader sense, saw the area of the prospective Lithuania and its population that it occupied in 1915. The paper analyses the impression the land and its inhabitants made on German soldiers and commentators, and examines how those impressions combined with previous ideas about Eastern Europe.

Across the Lines: National Self-Determination in the Baltic between the Russian, German and Allied Conceptions

David J Smith

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v31i0.1204

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2015 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

This article offers a comparative analysis of how the First World War affected emerging Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian nationalisms. There has been a clear tendency to treat the three states declared by these national movements in 1918 as a single ‘Baltic’ grouping created as a result of common factors and processes. Yet, such a characterisation downplays differences which arise due to the position of the region at the very frontline of the war in the East, which brought a variety of jurisdictions and political contexts. A further tendency has been to retrospectively portray the nationstate framework ultimately created in all three cases as the realisation of the long-cherished goal of the pre-1918 national movements. Such an understanding of national self-determination, however, only emerged much later, and federalist thinking continued to shape both external and internal conceptions of sovereignty during and immediately after the war. How statehood was conceived, moreover, had a lot to do with which side of the line a region was located during the conflict, with key points of difference being discernible between the Estonian and Lithuanian cases in particular.

O litovskoi politike vo vremia Pervoi mirovoi voiny: territorial'no-geopoliticheskii aspekt | On Lithuanian Policy in the Years of the First World War: a Territorial-Geopolitical Aspect

Česlovas Laurinavičius

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v31i0.1203

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2015 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The paper discusses the territorial-geopolitical aspect of the Lithuanian policy during the First World War, which is still not sufficiently studied or properly understood. It concerns the strategic line proposed by members of Lithuania’s conservative elite. The visible side of the line was a game of orientations: first pro-Russian, then pro-German. However, these orientations were based on an ethnographic principle, which created preconditions for the practical development of the Lithuanian nation. On the other hand, the ethnographic principle was related to the idea of national self-determination, raised by the democratic thought, which paved the way for Lithuanian national statehood. Therefore, the strategic line offered by some of the Lithuanian elite went beyond party ideology and became national.

Natsional'nyi faktor v revoliutsii (1917 god) | The National Factor in the 1917 Revolution

Aleksandr Shubin

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v31i0.1202

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2015 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

When examining the causes of the revolution of 1917 in the Russian Empire, and the course it took, we always face not only social but also national factors. The resolution of national aspirations was intertwined with the social aspirations of the revolution, and we have to admit that national mobilisation would often lose to social mobilisation. This paper shows the interaction between those factors, mainly on the basis of the Ukrainian and Transcaucasian cases, and reveals how the development of events on national peripheries directly affected events at the centre, and vice versa. The social explosion of 1917 that broke out in Imperial Petrograd was echoed by a national mobilisation that forced the centre to make concessions to the peripheries. The subsequent success of the Bolsheviks, and the national disintegration on the peripheries, was affected by the balance created between the unique social project and national factors, as well as the readiness not to block the way to national sovereignty and cultures, provided governance in the national area was arranged in compliance with the Soviet model.

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