The article is devoted to the analysis of the reaping rituality of Ukrainians to demonstrate its close relationship with Old Slavonic ones, and partly with Indo-European mental constants, which has a pre-Christian basis. Thus, memorial motifs (honouring of the dead ancestors for their assistance to living descendants of reach yield) extremely clearly occurs in the reaping rituality.
The article discusses problems connected with Balto-Slavic mythological parallels, including typology of mythological characters, lexical similarities resulting from genetic affinity and borrowing, as well as the influence of mythological systems of neighbouring peoples. Some new Balto-Slavic parallels have been suggested, viz. Rugių boba – Baba Ruga (Roga); Pikulas – pikulík; nelabais, and nelabasis – nelapši, nelapszy, with the focus on their ethnolinguistic aspect, both as mythological characters and as elements of the mythological lexicon. Special attention has been paid to the etymology of these words. The new parallels between the two groups of related languages provides additional material related to Slavic and Baltic ethno- and glottogeny.
The article provides an overview of the emergence of the term ethnic culture, analysing how the notion of ethnic culture is understood in the ethnology of Western countries, and how it is interpreted by the creators of ethnos theory. In Lithuania, not only cultural workers but also scholars and researchers understand ethnic culture very differently. In order to dispense with the chaotic and extremely varied understanding of ethnic culture in Lithuania, the author offers several possible ways out: 1) if most ethnologists and cultural workers in Lithuania have accepted the fundamental postulate of ethnos theory, recognising that ethnic culture can be discerned from the entirety of the culture of the nation, then the notion of ethnic culture existing in the theory of ethnos should also be adopted; 2) if this understanding is rejected, then guidance should be taken from the theoretical approach existing in the ethnology of Western countries requiring us not to apply the notion of ethnic culture when discussing cultures of nations.
The article is aimed to clear out the cognitive significance of the concept SEA for the Ukrainian mentality, and culture. Turning to the characteristics of Ukrainian cultural concept SEA, the author identifies two main aspects of it: “external” (related to the territorial and geographical self-identification of the Ukrainians) and “internal” (cognitively associated with the “external”, representing the emotional sphere of romantic personality). The study is based on the Ukrainian dooms of the XVI–XVII centures, collected and published in 1927–1931 by Ukrainian researcher Catherine Hrushevska, and on poems about the sea written by outstanding Ukrainian poetess Lesya Ukrainka and poets of the “Executed Renaissance” (A. Vlizko, J. Pluzhnyk and others).Comparison of two dimensions of the Ukrainian concept SEA (external and internal) gives an opportunity to carry out certain parallels between their cognitive and axiological characteristics. Both in its internal and external dimensions the concept SEA reveals the duality, axiological ambivalence, correlation with the idea of primary chaos, danger and overcoming.
In the article, separate stages of the evolution of the cupboard («mysnyk») in the Polissia dwelling are considered. It was established that at first its functions were performed by a system structurally connected with a log-house «hriad» (decks or beams), which were gradually transformed into «hriady»-shelfs. The shelves placed on the threshold and facial walls were one of the oldest, and the initial stage of the genesis of «myshynyk», which later took their place, is connected with them. At Polissia two types of «myshynyk» has been developed: stationary – structurally associated with a log-house or «lava» (older), and mobile, mostly hinged (of a new origin).
The article presents the Lithuanian fishing glossary in the text of 1792 Curonian lagoon fishing rules. It discusses the problems of creation of this source, authorship, the historical context. It is analysed ethnographic content in glossary of Lithuanian fishing terms. The Baltic linguists haven’t noticed it earlier. New publication of this source could encourage scientists to broader analyze of 1792 fishing rules. It is intended to draw attention to Lithuanistic material in Prussian law documents in German language.
Straipsnyje diachronine perspektyva nagrinėjamas bendradarbių asmeninių švenčių šventimas, paminėjimas kaip viena iš terpių, kur vyksta vietos ir organizacijos kultūrų sąveika. Šių progų: gimtadienio, vaiko gimimo, vedybų, laidotuvių, t. y. šeiminio gyvenimo, ir darbuotojo įsidarbinimo, darbo stažo ar panašių pasiekimų, išėjimo iš darbo (į kitą darbovietę arba į pensiją), t. y. darbinio gyvenimo ciklų paminėjimai su bendradarbiais, yra svarbūs darbuotojo socializacijai, pasitenkinimo darbu stiprinimui ir organizacijos kultūros formavimui. Analizuodami lauko tyrimų duomenis, aiškinsimės, ar tiriamose vietovėse šių progų minėjimo intensyvumas yra tapatus.
The article presents the analysis of onomasiological system of one group of infixed and sta-stem verbs attested in the old Lithuanian scripts, denominative verbs in particular, derived from adjectives and nouns. The analysed verbs belong to the type of fientive word formation: their derivational meaning is ‘to become or to acquire/experience something which is denoted by the primary word’. The primary words are specific and abstract adjectives and nouns which by the means of affixal nomination – paradigmation – are used to form fientives or, more rarely, stative verbs. What is more, in the process of verbalization, additional means of derivation, namely, the infix and affix sta, play a significant role in attributing the verb to the derivational model of fientives. The centre of fientive derivational type is comprised of deadjectives, while desubstantives stand in the periphery of this type. The semantics of the denominatives analyzed is determined explicitly (in rarer cases, implicitly) by semantics of primary adjectives and nouns. According to properties/objects denoted by the lexical motivator, seven motivational models of denominative verbs have been established: colourative, morphological, physiomorphological, psychomorphological, the model of possession and social relationship, gustatory, and thermal one.
Motiejus Valančius paid attention to the depiction of the relationship between a man and a woman (husband and wife) in his didactic creative work. The main aim of the Bishop of Samogitia was to educate people in the spirit of religion and morality. In Valančius‘ opinion, a good relationship between spouses is determined by equality between a man and a woman, cooperation, and equal responsibility for the children‘s upbringing. For this reason, the compatibility of social-caste, cultural and religious features between both spouses is important. The report reveals how Valančius created didactic precepts in order to create a harmonious relationship between a man and a woman.
The article is devoted to the analysis of rational and irrational conceptions about the bread baking flour, its substitutes and admixtures, as a component of a daily nutrition culture of dwellers of South-Western Historic-Ethnographic Macro-region of Ukraine. The main attention was paid to the analysis of ritual orders which regulated bread baking flour dealing with.