Res Humanitariae

Šiame atvejo tyrime dalyvavo vieno Lietuvos universiteto studentai, siekiant išsiaiškinti, kokiam grįžtamajam ryšiui jie teikia pirmenybę anglų kaip užsienio kalbos paskaitose. Studentai pildė anoniminį klausimyną internete; jį sudarė atvirieji ir uždarieji klausimai apie grįžtamojo ryšio formas, tipus, šaltinius, dažnį, laiką, klaidų tipus ir kitus svarbius aspektus, tokius kaip jausmai, susiję su gaunamu grįžtamuoju ryšiu. Rezultatai atskleidė, kad studentai pageidauja dėstytojo teikiamo grįžtamojo ryšio, kai akcentuojama ne tik kalba, kurios mokomasi, bet ir su ja susijęs turinys, taip pat atliekamų užduočių procesas. Toks grįžtamasis ryšys gali būti tiek teigiamas, tiek neigiamas, pateikiamas arba angliškai, arba lietuviškai. Formos ir tipai nėra svarbūs, bet individualus grįžtamasis ryšys, teikiamas kiekvienam studentui atskirai, mėgstamas labiau nei kolektyvinis. Visos ar dažniausiai daromos klaidos turi būti taisomos arba po atliktos užduoties, arba iškart, kai klaidos padaromos.

Lyčių vaidmenų vaizdavimo žiniasklaidoje populiarumas per pastaruosius šimtmečius padidėjo. Kultūra, o ypač žiniasklaida, formuoja vyrų ir moterų vaidmenų sąvokas. Šio tyrimo tikslas – tirti kalbines ypatybes, siekiant nustatyti, kaip moterys ir vyrai vaizduojami anglų, lietuvių ir ukrainiečių žiniasklaidos tekstuose. Žiniasklaida vartoja įvairias kalbines priemones, siekdama pavaizduoti lyčių vaidmenis, pritraukti dėmesį, pakeisti skaitytojų nuomonę, paneigti arba sustiprinti stereotipus apie lyčių vaidmenis. Siekiant tai nustatyti, tyrime analizuojami įvairūs kalbiniai metodai. Šis tikslas bus pasiektas atliekant šias užduotis: išnagrinėti lyčių vaidmenų sąvoką ir lyčių stereotipų problemą; nustatyti žiniasklaidos tekstų kalbines ypatybes; analizuoti lyčių vaidmenų vaizdavimą, remiantis nustatytomis kalbinėmis ypatybėmis, žiniasklaidos tekstuose skirtingomis kalbomis.

At the end of the 19th century, the German linguist Georg Wenker began collecting linguistic material and compiling Sprachatlas des deutschen Reichs (Language Atlas of the German Empire). The atlas also included Lithuanian linguistic material from East Prussia: 61 cards with translations of 40 of Wenker’s sentences from German into Lithuanian were collected. This article presents a study of the morphological diversity of verbs in Wenker’s Lithuanian material. The aim of the study is to determine whether the variations in verb forms in the translations reflect the dialectical features of Lithuanian of East Prussia.

The idea of (un)translatability, that features of one language are too difficult to be translated into another language due to cultural differences, appeared in the Renaissance, was developed by German Romanticism, and evolved together with translation studies. The dichotomy of the term, different types and perspectives on (un)translatability, led to different definitions. Research on (un)translatability questioned whether translatability is possible, what the relationship between (un)translatability and equivalence and culture is, and whether (un)translatability has a place in modern translation studies. The questions are controversial, but the concept remains relevant to modern translation studies.

The focus of the article is the rhetorical features of Lithuanian social issue advertisements reflecting the war in Ukraine. Rhetorical discourse analysis is used to explore the rhetoric of war: the characteristic rhetorical topics and dominant narrative directions are discussed, the prevailing pattern of rhetorical argumentation is identified, and the main strategies of linguistic expression are determined. The study shows that the discourse of social issue advertisements is a reflection of today’s realities, not only conveying but also shaping societal perceptions. The rhetorical expression of the advertisements signifies the authors’ attempts to reinforce the idea of solidarity, to inspire the addressee to be an active participant in the discourse, and to make decisions that are oriented towards the public good.

In order to find out whether there is a possibility for developing environmental protection policy in Thomas Hobbes’ political theory, the publication examines Hobbes’ approach to man, biotic and abiotic nature, and their interrelationships in natural and civil states. The author of the article argues that although Hobbes does not imagine a social contract that includes irrational plants and animals, there is a possibility in his political system to represent the interests of nature, and to create environmental policy taking into account the role of the Hobbesian sovereignty in civil society.

The article analyses the plays ‘Children in the Amber Palace’ (1985) and ‘The Comedians’ (1994) by Algirdas Landsbergis (1924–2004), an expatriate Lithuanian playwright, novelist, editor, and literary and theatre critic. The article is based on the idea that the connection with the mother is innate, not acquired, and that is why every person’s subconscious contains a preconceived (archetypal) expectation of the image of the mother. The complicated relationship between a mother and child in the creative process is linked to the transformation and de-archetyping of the image of the mother, i.e. the conscious separation from the inherently archetypal concept of motherhood. Therefore, the article analyses the change in the image of the mother as a result of the failure of the interpersonal relationship with the child. A phenomenological approach and Husserl’s theory of values are used to unpack the emotional states of the characters’ experiences. This perspective is chosen because of the archetypal interconnection between the mother and the perception of identity, considering identity as a sensitive topic in the work of diasporic authors. The analysis reveals that the expression of the relationship with the mother in Landsbergis’ dramaturgy is connected with the depiction of a sense of insecurity, and problems of personal identification, exceptional emotionality and exaggerated apathy in children.

This article analyses how the literary legend “The Queen of the Baltic Sea”, authored by Ludwik Adam Jucevičius, spread in Lithuania and Poland in the 19th and 21st centuries. The literary legend was first published in 1839 in Polish with a Lithuanian text of the sea goddess song. In this article, we focus on the spread of this work in non-academic Polish folklore collections. The research reveals how the text of the legend changed in the collections of legends, tales and fairy tales, how lituanistic details were preserved or lost, and who was referred to as the author of the work. The work shows the significance and problematics of folklore sources and their relationship with children’s literature.

The combination of imagological and semiotic approaches allows us to consider ethnic stereotypes in fiction as elements of national imagomythology. Their totality (and related cultural elements) can be interpreted as a special semiotic system. Like an element of traditional mythology, an ethnic stereotype can take various forms of expression, but what remains unchanged is its place in the general picture of the world, which is transmitted by literary tradition as a set of plots and stories. The totality of such narratives constitutes the national imagomythology – a nation’s description of itself in comparison with other nations. Both mythological images and ethnotypes can be desemanticised, reduced and used in artistic practice as elements of stylisation and imitation. Ethnic stereotypes, as well as elements of traditional mythology, like literary tropes, do not require critical thinking from a rational point of view (they are initially understood as fiction).

Rituals of personal hygiene, beautification and perfume have accompanied people since the beginning of civilisation, but in the 20th century cosmetics began to develop rapidly, products acquired clear functions, and the safety of products was addressed. The object of this study is the 20th-century Lithuanian cosmetics industry and its products. The purpose of the research is to analyse trends and changes in the development of the Lithuanian cosmetics industry, and the variety of manufactured cosmetics, discussing the characteristics of the activities of industrial companies. The article analyses the concepts of the cosmetic product and the concepts of the cosmetic industry. The results of the study revealed that the 20th century can be divided into four different periods in the beauty industry, each of which was characterised by unique trends in the production and use of cosmetics. The beauty industry, which began to grow rapidly between the wars, never stopped: in the 20th century it flourished, influencing not only women but also most spheres of life.