In order to be distinguished from the conventional verbal interactional context deliberate violations of the metadiscursive matrix are employed: 1) the informal register instead of the formal; 2) gradable adjectives and superlatives violate the expectation of objectivity and accuracy; 3) the self-conscious pragmatic-rhetoric strategies; 4) ample use of vulgarisms and offensive addresses; 5) a diversity of rhetoric means. These idiosyncratic variations function as the strategy of identification with the audience, and the effects achieved are as follows: 1) gaining attention; 2) distinguishing oneself from the context of similar speakers; 3) gaining and demonstrating power; 4) suspense; 5) convincing and persuasion for taking action.
The article presents the picture of the Christian angel in a genre of Lithuanian folklore, legends. The texts in question reveal the attitude of traditional Lithuanian society to angels as acting in the divine and earthly spheres. The research and the identification of the most popular scenes have revealed that the most important features of the legendary angel are the fulfilment of God›s will, and the protection of man and his soul. The article concludes that the legends of Lithuanian peasants about the activities of angels strengthened religion, promoted behaviour according to the norms of the community, and ensured a sense of security.
Within the framework of the present work the phenomenon of the national cooperative communicative behaviour has been characterized, its basic episteme has been determined, the meta-language and tools have been analyzed. In particular, the methodological fundamentals of the study of the national cooperative communicative behaviour and the main trends in the methodology of his research have been observed. The special attention has been paid to the description of the anthropometric method as a component of an integrated method of analysis of the national cooperative communicative behaviour.
The usage of phrasemes evidences not only their variability, transformations and modifications, but also the most frequent forms of their realization (phraseme-types) and frequency (phraseme-tokens), i.e. phrasemes’ flexibility. In this paper, selected Lithuanian idiomatic predicate phrasemes are analysed in the Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian Language, in the Phraseological Dictionary and in the lexical database of the Dictionary of Lithuanian Phrases. The results of comparison show that the corpus research can give rich evidence about the morphological flexibility of phrasemes. This information can help to improve representation of phrasemes in the phraseological dictionaries of Lithuanian, in order to make them more usage-based and more usage-oriented.
The present paper is focused on the specific treatment of the sea topic in the Latvian writer Egons Līvs’ prose fiction. His works are focused on people who are related to the sea – fishermen and their families. Using the methodology of semiotics, two major variants of actualizing the sea topic in E. Līvs’ prose fiction are singled out: (1) the sea as a space of the rite of initiation, (2) the existential sea that preserves or takes one’s life. Within each of these thematic groups, one work by the writer is analyzed, emphasizing the specificity of the sea topic in it and characterizing the significance of the sea in the revelation of the conception of human and the construction of the world model. The literary and biographical contexts are briefly characterized by means of the biographical and anthropological methods.
For the first time in Ukrainian and world musicology, based on previously unexplored archival materials, information on one of Yakiv Yatsynevych’s most popular works – arranging of the folk song “Susidka” has been reconstructed and supplemented. In the process of research in Central State Archives Museum of Literature and Arts of Ukraine (Kyiv) were found out many valuable sources. Among them, more than twenty letters which are the correspondence of composer’s wife – Iryna Yatsynevych with the musicologist Leonid Kaufman; a letter to I. Yatsynevych from her brother, Methodiy Pavlovsky and from the editorial office of the vocal literature of the State Musical Publishing House; articles from the periodicals and posters of concerts, which inform about the performance of the work, original musical manuscript of “Susidka”. As a result of work, all founded documents were included to scientific circulation. The materials give an opportunity to supplement the history of the creation of work, to determine its place in the stage life of the twentieth century, to find out the “detective” story by I. Yatsynevych about the appropriation of the composer’s work by another artist and to establish that Y. Yatsynevych’s “Susidka” is not just a processing of folk song, but almost original author’s composition.
Martynas Liudvikas Rėza (Martin Ludwig Rhesa, 1776–1841) is not only one of the most famous Lithuanian in the history of Lithuanians writings, but also a famous member of the Königsberg Masonic lodge Zu den drei Krönen, who has been astonished by the amplitude of his interests and the abundance of his works that still surprising. The range of activities of Rėza, his literary ambition range are wide – from the religious writings to the publishing of secular literature and folklore. Carefully going into the professors’ Lithuanian activities, the aspect of Rėza’s Masonry is important. Masonic echoes are found in Rėza’s publishing activities, correspondence and in relationships with well-known scholars and writers. The article aims to look more closely at the Masonic relations of Rėza in his Lithuanian activities.
The article is concerned with semantic functions of the postverb up – the second component of English verbs of the type move up, fix up, round up (Vup-s) from the point of view of changing the lexical meaning of the verb and its aspectual characteristics in terms of terminativeness / durativeness, and modes of action. Analysis and classification of Vup-s according to their lexical meaning and modes of action reveal the systemic character of the language. Vup-s are viewed as derivational units – analytic words – in the plane of word formation theory.
Tarpukariu Sedos vidurinėje mokykloje (1921–1935) mokėsi daug mokinių, vėliau tapusių reikšmingomis asmenybėmis, prisidėjusiomis prie lietuvių kultūros išsaugojimo ir plėtotės, ypač emigracijoje. 1928–1935 m. ją lankė ir trys būsimi poetai, kultūros darbuotojai – Leonas Vytautas Mačernis, Kazimieras (Leonardas) Andriekus ir Povilas (Paulius) Jurkus. Detaliau yra tyrinėti tik Vytauto Mačernio mokslo metai Sedoje. Bet tuo laikotarpiu surinkta medžiaga paliko ne vieną dviprasmybę, neatskleistą faktą. Juos, remiantis naujais archyviniais šaltiniais, liudininkų prisiminimais ir tų laikų spauda, bus bandoma išsiaiškinti straipsnyje. Taip pat bus gilinamasi į K. Andriekaus ir P. Jurkaus veiklą Sedoje, tiriama, kiek tai galėjo lemti jų pasirinkimo kelią, aiškinamasi, ar miestelyje yra likę ženklų, liudijančių trijų poetų buvimą Sedoje.
The paper is dedicated to the generalisation of the investigations results for the 13th–15th Curonian Spit archaeological sites, with the analyse of the main types of finds and supposed Prussian and Curonian contact zone problem. Last decade’s established theories about the 13th–15th Curonian Spit archaeological sites populaton are also reviewed and revised. Unpublished till now new archaeological investigations and archival data is reflected in this study.