Klaipėdos universitetas

Aim of research is to make the model of implementation of creative society policy, showing the empirical process of public policy in Lithuania. The main method of research is a long-term (longitudinal) analysis of documents (performed in 2011–2015). Results are the model of implementation of creative society policy (the model shows how this policy can be formed and implemented in a separate country). Moreover, the following directions (determined during the preparation of the state development strategy) of formation of this policy in Lithuania were revealed: active society; solidary society; learning society. Furthermore, the following directions of implementation of this policy (through the state development strategy) in Lithuania were revealed: “quick wins” (commitment of the Government to take 10 important actions every year); systemic implementation of this strategy (through the system of strategic planning documents; as well, it is essential to have the proper institution, with the necessary powers to control the preparation and implementation of strategies in all levels); direct involvement of communities and non-governmental organizations.

The aim of the article is to analyze the results of the Bulgarian renewable energy policy in the context of the EU aims and global renewable energy system (RES) investments till 2014. The policy is examined through comparison of the aims as stated in the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) of Bulgaria and the achieved results. They are evaluated in respect of renewables share in final energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and household access to green energy sources. The main outcomes show a low level of decentralized energy generation and pressure upon electricity price increase.

The author of the article, by way of applying theoretical analysis and using empirical evidence, as well as by analysing international documents ratified by the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, the laws in force, and the resolutions of the Government, argues that a prerequisite for the success in building a well fare state is sustainable development of society. The aspiration of sustainable development is a challenge not only to the interaction of the economic, ecological, and social systems, but also to the interaction of sub-systems within said systems. The deficit of sustainable development in the social system destroys the structure of the society, creates prerequisites for the discrimination of some social groups, for the marginalisation of social groups, and for the rise of social exclusion. The increasing level of social exclusion poses a threat to national stability and security, therefore, it is important to timely identify the causes of the rise of social exclusion and, by removing them, to eliminate the preconditions for the formation of crisis situations.