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Keywords: sustainable development

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From Perception to Precision: the Insights of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises into Corporate Social Responsibility and Measurement Scale Validation

Oļegs Ņikadimovs

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v46i2.2734

Pub. online: 4 Jul 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 46, Issue 2 (2025), pp. 128–142

Abstract

This study assesses the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) by reviewing 39 recent significant studies. The theoretical foundation of the reviewed studies serves as the basis for the research instrument designed to assess CSR practices and their impact on the competitive advantage of SMEs. A pilot study involving 102 Latvian SME respondents was conducted to validate the research instrument’s reliability across four scales: competitive advantage, reputation and financial performance, CSR domains and impact, and CSR challenges. The results indicate very good or excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha values between 0.846 and 0.923. The findings demonstrate that SMEs continue to adopt CSR practices, recognising their strategic benefits which include innovation, operational efficiency and improved reputation. However, challenges such as resource limitations and stakeholder pressures remain important. This validated instrument establishes a foundation for further large-scale studies to explore CSR’s influence on the sustainability and competitiveness of SMEs, emphasising the need for tailored strategies, government support, and effective tools for evaluating CSR impact.

The Sustainable Development of Economic Entities and its Significance in Reducing the Impact on the Environment

Kęstutis Biekša

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v45i1.2700

Pub. online: 18 Mar 2025 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 45, Issue 1 (2025), pp. 5–15

Abstract

Economic entities influence the environment significantly. Economic activity in the EU lacks skills, experience and financial and management

tools. Innovation is a key element of sustainable economic activity, but economic activity needs a complex approach to cover economic,

social and environmental aspects. The most common measure for environmental improvement is the reduction of energy and material

consumption. This article analyses the development of economic entities using the Innovation and Small Business Act (SBA) approach. The

research objective is to analyse how economic entities in EU countries develop their activities to achieve sustainability by reducing their

environmental impact. A comparison of the sustainability aspects of economic entities was carried out. The contribution of innovations was

analysed to assess the level of sustainability of economic entities in EU countries. The results show that the impact of the activities of economic entities needs to be assessed along the entire value chain, which assesses the social environment of economic entities. EU countries such as Finland, Germany, Slovenia and Sweden are leading the way in investing in innovation and sustainability measures. However, EU countries face challenges in implementing sustainability goals, because of the complexity of the system and a lack of attention from responsible institutions. Nevertheless, innovation is essential to reduce negative environmental impacts.

Integrating Environmental, Social and Governance (Esg) Principles into Organisations

Jurgita Paužuolienė Vadym Derkach

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v44i3.2635

Pub. online: 25 Oct 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 44, Issue 3 (2024), pp. 28–36

Abstract

The term ESG, which stands for Environmental, Social and Governance, has gained significant traction in the business world. A

company’s dedication to ESG reflects its awareness of both the positive and negative impacts it has on society and the environment,

influencing not only the business itself but the entire ecosystem around it. Organisations that embrace the ESG framework recognise

that adopting best governance practices leads to positive outcomes across all sectors. This approach helps minimise the environmental

impact and fosters a more equitable world, while maintaining sound administrative processes and sustaining profitability. Incorporating

ESG factors into operations is essential for ensuring long-term sustainability, compliance and competitiveness. By focusing

on environmental stewardship, fostering positive social impacts and maintaining strong governance structures, organisations can

minimise their negative externalities, meet regulatory demands, and appeal to a growing number of ESG-conscious stakeholders.

The main aim of this article is to analyse the ESG principles, and present examples of integrating ESG in large and SMEs companies.

These organisations were chosen as examples of good practice: Maersk, Nestlé, Toyota, Baltic Marine Bunker and Klaipėdos Nafta.

The companies in this article were chosen to show a diverse range of industries and approaches to ESG implementation.

The Challenges of Sustainable Development for a Coastal City: the Case of Klaipėda

Vaiva Jameljanova Daiva Verkulevičiūtė-Kriukienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2620

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 164–180

Abstract

Increasing poverty, the intensive use of natural resources, the spread of diseases, air pollution, the loss of biodiversity, and other global

and local problems in many areas of the world, have encouraged society to take concrete actions and initiatives. Coastal cities are

particularly sensitive to anthropogenic impact, so it is necessary to combine a dynamic economy with social development, separating

economic growth from environmental impact. This article analyses the problems of sustainable development in the coastal city of

Klaipėda in three respects: economic, social and environmental. The economic activity in the port city ensures its multifunctionality,

promotes the creation of jobs and the development of infrastructure, and is of great importance to the development of the entire region.

However, the city faces various socio-economic challenges, as well as environmental problems (air pollution, unpleasant smells,

noise, traffic problems). Intensive port activity increases the scale of these negative environmental problems. Therefore, the article

presents the main problems of sustainable development in the city, which were identified after analysing statistical data, analysing

city and port development documents, and interviewing experts. After systematising the obtained results, measures are proposed for

the solution of each problem, which are differentiated according to the areas of the city of Klaipėda.

Ecological Innovations in Shaping Sustainable Governance Policies

Vitalii Kruhlov Vitalii Kruhlov Volodymyr Moroz Volodymyr Moroz Dina Tereshchenko Dina Tereshchenko

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2613

Pub. online: 11 Jul 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 43, Issue 2 (2024), pp. 72–82

Abstract

Environmental innovations, proposing resource-efficient technological solutions, are gaining increasing significance as factors in

the transition to sustainable development based on efficient governance models. The study explores the concept of environmental

innovations and sustainable governance, setting important sustainable development goals and stricter environmental standards. The

correlation between environmental indicators of European countries and the quality of governance is examined through comprehensive

indices and sociological surveys. The results confirm a moderate positive correlation, indicating the capabilities of capable state

institutions to achieve further progress in ensuring sustainable development indicators, albeit with certain regional variations. To

overcome existing challenges, there is a need to shape a comprehensive state policy that encompasses regulatory incentives and market

mechanisms throughout the innovation cycle. The proposed measures aim to stimulate demand for ‘green’ technologies, reduce

risks for private investment, and create favourable innovative systems. Therefore, the strategic integration of innovations can guide

governance reforms towards ensuring sustainable, inclusive and environmentally friendly development.

Long-Term Principle Concept for Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone Management

Elena Vitkienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v7i2.2381

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 8, Issue 3 (2012), pp. 257–264

Abstract

The long-term principle concept is based on setting and achieving a vision for the future of coastal zone management. The vision for the sustainable development of coastal zone management includes utilizing new advances in scientific, technical, social and economic understanding of coastal sustainability. The coastal environment, dunes and beaches are outstanding natural assets. Their wildlife, cultural, historical and archaeological resources should be passed on to future generations in similar or better conditions than they are currently. The principle of long-term management can be analyzed according to these definitions (economics, ecology, ethics) concepts: comprehensive overview of systems, detailed investigation of issues, and the planning development of management practices that have a positive effect on the future.

Towards Municipal Environmental Development: Environmental Management Systems for Local Formal Education Establishments

Daniels Trukšāns

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v23i3.1594

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 23, Issue 3 (2017), pp. 175–185

Abstract

Educational institutions create certain environmental impacts in their operation – these impacts can be grouped into the sectors of waste, water, energy, transport and others. There is a need for educational institutions to adopt effective environmental management systems in order to reduce these impacts, as well as those of the whole municipality. The Eco-Schools programme is one of the most comprehensive and popular models of environmental education and management in the world. In recent years, the Eco-Schools programme has proved its effectiveness in numerous evaluations in several countries. The programme aims to raise awareness about environmental issues. Therefore, this programme encourages environmentally responsible behaviour involving not only members of specific schools but also reaching out to the local community. The aim of the present study was to evaluate an environmental management model of the Eco-Schools programme in Latvia. Moreover, the author assessed the country’s potential to develop environmental management systems in schools, improve environmental education and create pro-environmental attitudes and values. For research, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used: analysis of documents and a survey. The conducted survey helped to evaluate the experience of the Eco-Schools programme and prepare recommendations for policy proposals about the Eco-Schools programme as an environmental management instrument in Latvia. Also, the role of the Eco-Schools programme in promoting sustainable development was assessed. As a result, the benefits and drawbacks of the programme were identified to plan further development and, therefore, to promote efficient environmental management in educational institutions and local communities.

Sustainable Marketing – Prospects and Challenges under Present Economy

Valērijs Praude Santa Bormane

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v11i3.619

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 11, Issue 3 (2013), pp. 165–176

Abstract

The article reflects on the attitude, understanding and knowledge on sustainable marketing, as well as the essence of sustainable marketing,the strategy of its practical use and the concept of development. As a result of research, definitions of sustainable developmentand sustainable marketing and a model of concept of motivation of its use at a company were developed and the strategy of practicaluse of a sustainable marketing and the motivation of use at Latvian companies was ascertained, confirming the initially advancedhypotheses. In order to fulfil the purpose and objectives, the authors used the following quantitative and qualitative methods ofeconomic research: polls, comparisons, grouping. The study is based on scientific papers published by Latvian and foreign scholars,general and special literature, periodicals. The authors performed an assessment, market research, comparative analysis, arrangedan expert examination and used the computer software MS Excel for the analysis and processing of data. The article is based on theresults of the author’s research in 2013. The authors used examination and monitoring in their research.

A Philosophical Analysis of the Concept of Sustainable Development

Ernesta Molotokienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v31i2.2106

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 31, Issue 2 (2020), pp. 148–156

Abstract

The main aim of the research is to reveal the philosophical foundations of the concept of sustainable development. The scope of this research includes an analysis of the philosophical meaning of the concept of sustainable development, focusing on the revealing of the synergy of metaphysical, ethical and ecological parameters of this concept. To give a deeper understanding about different opinions and approaches to sustainable development, there will be an interpretation of some theoretical perspective both about sustainable development and also about different philosophical theories and how they are related sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development is not only concerned with the well-being of people but also of the world where human live, therefore the concept of sustainable development can be understood as holistic philosophy that includes classical philosophical prospects as well as harmonizes and integrates the activities of economic, sociopolitical and ecological system. Therefore, in this article are raised concrete tasks: to analyze the literature and reveal the philosophical context of the formation of the concept of sustainable development; to analyze classical ethical philosophical theories and argue their significance for the concept of sustainable development; to analyze a holistic philosophical approach and to argue its significance for the concept of sustainable development.

A Theoretical Approach to the Impact of Sustainable Development Components on Sustainable Consumption

Rima Žitkienė Svetlana Kunskaja

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v31i2.2104

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 31, Issue 2 (2020), pp. 126–136

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyse concepts of sustainable development directed at addressing the needs of society and undertaking

respective actions with regard to the components of sustainable development. Since sustainable consumption is related to producer

and consumer positions, extra investment in more environmentally friendly and less polluting technologies, observance of fair-trade

stipulations, and the search for compromises between the implementation of the goals of businesses and securing quality of life for

society are very important. An analysis of the scientific literature and the provisions of the European Commission and international

organisations reveals that the three components of sustainable development, economic, social and environmental, are highlighted.

Responsible organisations that pursue the creation of a green image based on a sustainable business concept are producers of goods

and suppliers of services in line with the needs of the responsible consumer. For this purpose, they are in a continuous search for harmony

between economic growth, environmental protection, social justice and the consolidation of the rule of law, so that the balance

between progress and the preservation of natural resources for future generations is maintained.

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