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Kurland im Horizont der Reformation: Resonanz – Korrelation – Interaktion | Courland in the Light of the Reformation: Responses, Correlations and Interactions

Ulrich Schoenborn

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v35i0.1875

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2017 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 35 (2017): The Reformation in the Southeast Baltic Region = Reformacija Baltijos jūros pietryčių regione, pp. 45–82

Abstract

There was no ideal or typical way of establishing the Reformation in Europe, while Church reform in East Central Europe cannot be attributed solely to the influence of the ideas from Wittenberg. Much more important than looking for a causal relationship is to analyse the responses, correlations and interactions. This is done in the article by looking for an answer to the question why Protestantism established itself relatively late in the geographical area called Courland (Kurland, present-day Kurzeme), and more precisely how the creation of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1561–1562) was connected with the establishment of the Evangelical Church in this region. In looking for an answer, the article outlines the challenges faced by the Teutonic Order’s domains in Livonia during the Reformation in the first half of the 16th century. It explores the activities of Gotthard Kettler, the last Master of the Teutonic Order in Livonia (1559–1561), in the conversion to Protestantism, and the creation of the Duchy. Finally, the article discusses how ‘the princely Reformation’ that created new confessional and cultural realities in the northeast of Central Europe during the second half of the 16th century manifested itself in a specific region.

The Shift in the Lithuanian Approach towards the Russian Army, 1914–1915

Hektoras Vitkus

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v34i0.1611

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2017 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 34 (2017): The Great War in Lithuania and Lithuanians in the Great War: Experiences and Memories = Didysis karas Lietuvoje ir lietuviai Didžiajame kare: patirtys ir atmintys, pp. 35–60

Abstract

During the Great War, the period 1914 to 1915 was one of the most intense stages of interaction by Lithuanian society with daily life of the war, and at the same time the most active stage in military action in the future Lithuania. While many men were called up into the ranks of the Imperial Russian army, most of the remaining population ended up under the military authorities, experienced the requisition of their personal property, and observed (at first in the rear) intense military movements to and fro. This article looks at how the change in the front line, and the successes and failures of the armies of the Romanov Empire, contributed to the change in the image of the Russian army in the Lithuanian discourse. Features of the change are revealed in the article by analysing both the line taken by the official press during the initial period of the Great War, and the assessments of the Russian army that appeared in individual reflections (diaries and memoirs). It asks how the image of the Russian army changed during this period, and why.

Įvadas: Dėl Didžiojo karo reikšmės lietuviams

Vasilijus Safronovas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v34i0.1610

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2017 Type: Review Article

Open Access

Vom katholischen Deutschordensgebiet zum protestantischen Herzogtum Preußen | From the Catholic Domains of the Teutonic Order to the Protestant Duchy of Prussia

Friedrich Johannsen Jens Riechmann

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v35i0.1874

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2017 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 35 (2017): The Reformation in the Southeast Baltic Region = Reformacija Baltijos jūros pietryčių regione, pp. 21–44

Abstract

The secularisation of the domains of the Teutonic Order in Prussia led to the establishment of the first Lutheran territorial church in the world. This fact is almost forgotten today, and this is evident even in specialised literature on the Reformation. The article outlines the introduction of the Reformation in Prussia, considering it as an example of its smooth and successful entrenchment. In order to show this, the late stage of the rule of the Teutonic Order is defined, showing that fundamental reform was triggered by a multi-layered crisis characteristic of the Order’s domains in Prussia. The article shows that, in coordination with Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchton, and assisted by his bishops, after becoming the first Duke of Prussia in 1525, Albert, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, implemented reforms in his domains that resembled the main problems raised by the Reformation in an almost exemplary way. But at the same time, it shows that the introduction of the Reformation in Prussia was not a unidirectional process, for Duke Albert supported Andreas Osiander’s ideas for some time, before he gradually entered the ranks of the confessors of Augsburg.

Įvadas

Arūnas Baublys

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v35i0.1873

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2017 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 35 (2017): The Reformation in the Southeast Baltic Region = Reformacija Baltijos jūros pietryčių regione, pp. 13–17

Introduction: On the Significance of the Great War to Lithuanians

Vasilijus Safronovas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v34i0.1609

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2017 Type: Review Article

Open Access

Introduction

Arūnas Baublys

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v35i0.1872

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2017 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 35 (2017): The Reformation in the Southeast Baltic Region = Reformacija Baltijos jūros pietryčių regione, pp. 7–12

Editorial Note | Redaktoriaus žodis

Vasilijus Safronovas

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2017 Type: Editorial Note

Open Access

Editor’s Note | Redaktoriaus žodis

Vasilijus Safronovas

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2017 Type: Editorial Note

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 35 (2017): The Reformation in the Southeast Baltic Region = Reformacija Baltijos jūros pietryčių regione, pp. 5–6

Elite Culture of Old Rus’: New Publications and Discussions (a Review of IHMC RAS Studies in 2015–2016)

Nadezhda I Platonova

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v24i0.1570

Pub. online: 15 Sep 2017 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 24 (2017), pp. 123–130

Abstract

Old Rus’ culture has long been perceived as a given fact, beyond dispute. Its successive connection with authentically Slavic cultures dating back to 700-1000 AD could be clearly traced retrospectively. But archaeological data accumulated over recent decades shows that material from Initial Rus’ (ninth to eleventh centuries) looks more like a heterogeneous conglomerate of different traditions and cultural elements than a stable structure. The key to understanding the process of innovations observed over this period, as well as their cultural and anthropological mechanisms, should be the study of the ‘elite’, a socially superior group of the population. Such a project is now being developed in the Department of Slavic-Finnish Archaeology at IHMC RAS. This review gives the most important results obtained to date, including a modern formulation of the problem in its various aspects, and the latest important publications.

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