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Editor’s note | Redaktoriaus žodis

Vasilijus Safronovas

Pub. online: 18 Dec 2019 Type: Editorial Note

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 39 (2019): The Unknown Land of Žemaitija: The 13th to the 18th Centuries = Žemaitija – nežinoma žemė: XIII–XVIII amžiai, pp. 5–6

Vokietijos pavojus ir karo dviem frontais katastrofa… Priedas | Appendix (available as online supplement only)

Vytautas Jokubauskas Samanta Zuberniūtė

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v38i0.2090

Pub. online: 18 Dec 2019 Type: Source Publication

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 38 (2019): Creating Modern Nation-States in the Eastern Baltic = Šiuolaikinių tautinių valstybių kūrimas rytiniame Baltijos jūros regione

Gytis Piličiauskas, Virvelinės keramikos kultūra Lietuvoje 2800–2400 cal BC [Corded Ware Culture in Lithuania in 2800–2400 Cal BC], Lithuanian Institute of History, Vilnius, 2018 – 231 p., 110 illustrations

Algirdas Girininkas

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2019 Type: Book Review

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 26 (2019), pp. 132–135

Kaunas Castle from Another Perspective: the Chemical Composition of Iron Construction Elements

Eglė Rimkienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v26i0.2026

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2019 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 26 (2019), pp. 122–131

Abstract

The chemical composition of iron construction elements is not usually a topic of interest in Medieval archaeology. This article focuses attention on the chemical composition of iron elements such as nails. For compositional analysis, the XRF method was used. A comparison was made between XRF results and physical measurements. The aim of this article was to identify the amount of iron in metal elements that were possibly used in constructing castles, and to find a connection between the chemical composition of objects and their physical measurements.

Remarks on the Chronology of the Gołdap Group in the Migration Period with the Example of the Cemetery in Czerwony Dwór

Paweł Szymański

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v26i0.2025

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2019 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 26 (2019), pp. 108–121

Abstract

This article discusses the development of the Gołdap Group, which is part of Sudovian culture, during the Migration Period. The graves from necropolises of that region (especially from the cemetery at Czerwony Dwór) have quite rich grave goods, which allows for a detailed chronological analysis. It is complemented by an analysis of the stratigraphy of features dug into the barrows. On this basis, five chronological phases in the development of the Gołdap Group, which existed from the early Phase D of the Early Migration Period until Phase E2 of the Late Migration Period, can be distinguished.

Krievu Kalns Hill-Fort: New Data on the Late Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age in Western Latvia

Andrejs Vasks Vanda Visocka Linas Daugnora All authors (5)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v26i0.2024

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2019 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 26 (2019), pp. 80–107

Abstract

The article examines the results of the 2012 and 2013 archaeological excavations of Skrundas Krievu kalns hill-fort, situated in western Latvia. Krievu kalns was listed as a site in the 1920s, but it was not regarded as a hill-fort. During a site inspection, striated pottery was discovered, and this indicated that it might be numbered as a Late Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age habitation. Excavations revealed the site to be a hill-fort that was fortified in the 11th to the ninth century BC with a palisade made of vertical timbers. In the eighth to the fifth century BC, the defences were moved outwards, thus enlarging the living area. There was possibly even later a third fence. Krievu kalns may be classed as a Late Bronze Age hill-fort with striated pottery, reflecting the characteristic Bronze Age cultural traditions of western Latvia.

Hoes and the First Farmers on Lithuanian Territory: from Hoe to Ard

Algirdas Girininkas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v26i0.2023

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2019 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 26 (2019), pp. 66–79

Abstract

A hoe is a hand tool which appeared in Lithuania in post-glacial times together with the first population. Later, in the Mesolithic, the hoe became a universal tool used for versatile foraging purposes. Only antler hoes are known from these periods. The same function of hoes continued into the Neolithic/Bronze Age, with the only difference that their shapes changed, adapting to new work related to the cultivation of the first crops. In the Neolithic, stone and wooden hoes appeared along with antler hoes. In the Bronze Age, the function of hoes remained the same as in earlier times, but their wider use was related to hoefarming. The shape of hoes was changing, especially of snake-head hoes, which could be used for various ritual ceremonies. Only in the Middle to Late Bronze Age did the Neolithisation process come to an end, with the development of slash-and-burn agriculture and the domestication of animals. The first horn ards appeared in the Late Bronze Age.

The Decorated Spindle-Shaped Bone Dagger from Šarnelė: the Earliest Example of Hunter-Gatherer Mobile Art in Lithuania

Tomas Rimkus Adomas Butrimas Marius Iršėnas All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v26i0.2022

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2019 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 26 (2019), pp. 50–63

Abstract

This paper presents the latest data on a spindle-shaped decorated bone dagger, which was found as a stray find in the village of Šarnelė in northwest Lithuania, and which recently been dated to the Final Palaeolithic. It is currently the only one such example of osseous technology in Lithuania dated to this period. In 2016, we started to reinvestigate the Stone Age material from the Samogitian highland by AMS radiocarbon (14C) dating, stable isotopes, use-wear and Raman methods. AMS dating showed that the decorated dagger discovered in the surroundings of the drained Lake Ertenis and the River Varduva at Šarnelė currently is one of the oldest prehistoric art objects found in Lithuania and possibly in the eastern Baltic region as well. The dagger was also analysed by use-wear method, which helped to identify some stages of the production of the article itself and its decoration. The paper presents the first results of research of this artefact in the wider geographical and taxonomic context of the Final Palaeolithic in northern Europe.

The Last Swiderians in Lithuania

Gabrielė Gudaitienė Justina Šapolaitė Žilvinas Ežerinskis

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v26i0.2021

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2019 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 26 (2019), pp. 32–49

Abstract

This paper focuses on an issue that was, and still remains, unsolved in Baltic Stone Age archaeology: the dating of the very end of the period of Swiderian culture. This time, the questions raised are what cultural unit (or units) should be considered as the last Swiderians, and who were the last tanged point users in general? In addition, the latest AMS 14C dates from the Mesolithic Pabartoniai 1 site in central Lithuania are taken into consideration within the archaeological context recorded during excavations in 2014–2016. Several archaeological objects – flint artefacts, knapped sandstone pebbles, burnt material and a few archaeological features – that were eliminated from the Late Mesolithic horizon and hypothetically interpreted as preexistant, are discussed as maybe belonging to the Late Swiderian archaeological horizon. This data suggests some alternative insights into what was previously declared about the chronology of the last Swiderians: it brings up the very slight possibility that this culture could have lasted as long as up to the early Boreal period, or around 400 years later than the formerly agreed dating. However, this study should be seen as the very first step in the discussion, which still needs argumentation and other case studies to be carried out until the hypothesis is proven.

The Northern Fringe of the Swiderian Technological Tradition: Salaspils Laukskola Revisited

Inger Marie Berg-Hansen Hege Damlien Ilga Zagorska

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v26i0.2020

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2019 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 26 (2019), pp. 12–31

Abstract

The earliest settlement of Latvia occurred at the very end of the Late Glacial, after the retreat of the ice sheet. Important evidence of this earliest occupation is the well-known site Salaspils Laukskola. Previous research has focused on the typological aspects of this assemblage, and the use of lithic raw materials, suggesting an affiliation to the Swidry tradition. However, a wider technological perspective on this assemblage comprising a rich lithic inventory has recently proven fruitful. We present a detailed new technological analysis of the Laukskola assemblage, as well as five small lithic assemblages from Latvia based on a chaîne opératoire approach. While supporting the Swidry connection, this allows for a renewed discussion of the Final Palaeolithic settlement of Latvia, and its relationship with adjacent areas of northeast Europe.

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