Regional Formation and Development Studies

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama viešojo sektoriaus rinkodaros principų taikymo raida viešojo valdymo modelių evoliucijos kontekste. Pateiktas

Kiekvienoje sėkmingoje organizacijoje labai svarbus yra vadovo ir darbuotojų gebėjimas suprasti vienas kitą bei sėkmingai kartu dirbti komandoje. Šiuo metu vis dažniau akcentuojamas ir nagrinėjamas naujas įgalinimo terminas – tai vadovo veiksmai darbuotojo atžvilgiu, siekiant sėkmingai įgyvendinti organizacijos tikslus. Remiantis moksliniais šaltiniais, straipsnyje atskleidžiama vadovavimo samprata ir esmė, analizuojami teoriniai vadovavimo aspektai. Išanalizuota žmogiškųjų išteklių svarba organizacijoje ir apibūdinta žmogiškųjų išteklių įgalinimo koncepto erdvė bei tipologija. Atliktas vadovų vaidmens, įgalinant žmogiškuosius išteklius, organizacijoje tyrimas.

Tyrimas atliktas Dubysos regioniniame parke. Tai kompleksinė saugoma teritorija, kurioje galima lankytis pažintiniais, rekreaciniais, mokomaisiais tikslais. Intensyvi turistinė veikla vykdoma tik parko rekreacinėse zonose esančiose poilsiavietėse ir stovyklavietėse. Dubysos regioniniame parke teikiamos šios rekreacinės paslaugos: pažintinių kelionių, ekskursijų organizavimas, gido paslaugos; edukacinės programos (amatų mokymai, gamtos pažinimas, kt.); turizmo inventoriaus nuoma (baidarės, dviračiai, kt.); apgyvendinimo (viešbučiuose, kaimo sodybose, palapinėse) ir poilsio paslaugos; rekreacinių pramogų (jodinėjimo, slidinėjimo, sporto stovyklų ir kt.) paslaugos. Dubysos regioniniame parke tyrimai, kuriais būtų įvertinta šiame parke teikiamų rekreacinių paslaugų kokybė, nebuvo atlikti. Nesant tokių tyrimų, sunku spręsti, ar vartotojai patenkinti rekreacinių paslaugų kokybe. Nežinant, ko tikisi vartotojai iš rekreacinių paslaugų teikimo Dubysos regioniniame parke, sudėtinga taikyti ir įgyvendinti efektyvius rekreacinių paslaugų kokybės gerinimo sprendimus.

Recent academic researchers have indicated that there are possible inequalities concerning work and pay in different countries, professions and economic sectors. The aim of current research is to analyse recent scientific findings on the wage gap depending on gender and empirical data in Latvia using EU-SILC surveys, Labour Surveys and monthly statistical data on wages and salaries for women and men. The findings indicated that in various economic fields and occupations women were under-represented, and amongst most of these fields the modal net wage interval for women was lower than the modal net wage interval for men. It was also concluded that in January 2018 the average gross income from work of women and men were statistically significantly different, confirming that men on average earned more than women.

The role of human development concept has significantly changed recently. The relationship between women’s employment and human development has been studied by many specialists. The aim of this paper is to discuss links between women employment and human development in Uzbekistan. The case study was based on analyses of labour market. The paper focuses on the human development of Uzbekistan from the year 1991 to 2011.The paper has been prepared by structuring and generalizing the content of studies carried out by different scientists and specialists, by deteriorating of documents to statistical data analysis and literature review.

This paper examines what benefits business can achieve by implementing corporate social responsibility reports in its activities.There are also analyzed the evolution of CSR reporting, systemized theoretical aspects of CSR reporting in marketing field. Thearticle emphasized that then satisfying stakeholders’ expectations, needs, and informing them of the action taken to meet these expectations,the organization have greater success of the business, i.e. stability and profitability. Literary analysis showed that CSRreporting is becoming the main tool of linking different holistic marketing programs.

In the article, the author empirically approbates the structural scheme for the evaluation of the territorial state of development elaborated previously assessing territorial state of development of the statistical regions of Latvia. The scheme comprises four objective social economic elements and two subjective elements. The average values of normalized objective and subjective indicators for each region were calculated applying the most appropriate indicator of the statistical regions available in the national statistical database of Latvia to the each element of the scheme and normalizing the values of the selected indicators. Allocation of the statistical regions of Latvia in accordance with the normalized objective and subjective indicators was performed using the W. Zapf’s matrix, which provides a possibility to consider the territorial state of development not just in a quantitative but as well in a qualitative aspect, i.e., within the framework of the pluralistic territorial development paradigm suggesting a parallel existence of diverse development natures (qualities) in the global environment instead of applying a single quantitative scale to all territories being studied. In the result of the approbation of the structural scheme for the territorial state of development evaluation, it is not possible to single out a distinct statistical region of Latvia in accordance with its highest or lowest development level, rather it could be merely stated that each of the regions is developed in a different quality since each region has its own nature of development.

The self-evaluation of health in Latvia has recently gained a special awareness, due to the financing for health being among the lowest in the European Union. Latvia has recently faced various difficulties, such as problems paying the salaries of medical personnel, and medical personnel emigrating to work in other countries.The aim of the study is to analyse the self-evaluation of health by inhabitants in the regions of Latvia.Research methods used in the preparation of this paper: the analysis of scientific publications and results of previously conducted research; the analysis of the results of a survey on household income and expenses conducted by the EU-SILC and the European Central Bank, compared with the results from other EU countries. The results of the survey are analysed using descriptive statistics indicators and cross-tabulations for the regions of Latvia. For areas, urban-rural living and ANOVA analysis of variance are used. To analyse self-evaluations by regions, the correlation of the relationship between health self-evaluation and educational level is used. The results of the analysis indicate that the situation of the regions of Latvia in the context of health self-evaluation is very different, and that there are very big demands on decision makers to find the best possible solution.

Regional airports play a significant role inpromotion of connectivity and regional development. This is one of reasons whyairports are treated as public assets and in 77 % cases (airportsproviding scheduled air transport services) owned and operated by public sectorin the EU. 71 % of these publicairports have corporatized airport operators. Latviahas threepublic civil aviation airports planned for scheduled flights until 2015: Riga InternationalAirport as well as Liepaja Airportand Ventspils Airport (Kurzeme planning region). Latviacurrently has decentralised operational model of airports. Riga InternationalAirport is owned by state and operatedby a joint stock company.Regional airports are owned by Liepaja and Ventspils municipalities andoperated by 100 % municipality owned limited liability companies. Liepaja Airport and Ventspils Airport plan to certify itsaerodromes and start scheduled flights in 2015. The long term traffic forecastof both airports is short to provide a long term financial sustainability.Regional airports are reliant on public service obligation compensations foroperation and maintenance of airfields as well as diminishing compensations toairlines for operating of scheduled flights. Considering the aerodrome’scertification and financial feasibility risks, alternative operational modelsare worth considering. They include centralised model (joint operation of allthree airports by a state owned company) and semi-centralised model (jointmanagement of regional airports by resource sharing). The main conclusion is that current decentralisedoperational model is not feasible to provide long term operationalsustainability of regional airports and it is worth considering introduction ofalternative operational models (preferably centralised model) subject tofurther analysis.

Organizacijos vykdomos veiklos sėkmė daugeliu atvejų priklauso nuo jos vadovo. Straipsnyje aptariami vadovavimo stiliai organizacijoje. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize, pateikiami vadovavimo stilių – transakcinio, transformacinio ir tarnaujančiojo – apibrėžimai, sudaryta vadovavimo stilių lentelė, kur pagal pasirinktus vertinimo kriterijus teoriškai paaiškinami jų skirtumai. Nustatyta, kad pasirinkti kriterijai yra tinkami vertinti vadovavimo stilius organizacijose. Organizacijose galimi skirtingų vadovavimo stilių deriniai. Palyginus vadovų ir jiems tiesiogiai pavaldžių darbuotojų išsakytus teiginius nustatyti tie patys vadovavimo stilių deriniai, skiriasi tik proporcijos.