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Journals: Archaeologia Baltica

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Preface

Aleksander Pluskowski Alex Brown Algirdas Girininkas

Pub. online: 30 Dec 2013 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 20 (2013): Frontier Societies and Environmental Change in Northeast Europe, pp. 7–9

Late Prehistoric Societies and Burials in the Eastern Baltic

Marika Mägi

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.281

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 177–194

Abstract

The article deals with burial customs in culturally varied regions in the eastern Baltic, comparing them with an interpretation of Late Prehistoric society. Social analyses, which up to recent times were predominantly based on written sources and evolutionary ways of thinking, suggest somewhat different social systems for the culturally diverse regions of the eastern Baltic. However, at first glance, this cannot be seen in the archaeological evidence, including burials. The discussion in this article subjects some particular features of burial customs to closer consideration: representativeness, collective versus individual attitudes, and gender aspects. The results suggest that societies were hierarchical both in the southern and northern parts of the eastern Baltic, but power was arranged in different ways.

Rare Brooches from Viešvilė Cemetery III, Lithuania

Ugnius Budvydas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.98

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 167–175

Abstract

Four rare brooches were found during archaeological investigations in Viešvilė cemetery III (in the Jurbarkas district). Three of them are close to the ‘equal-armed’ brooches, of which the shape recalls a ribbon. The fourth brooch was found in child’s grave 35. It belongs to the group of flat openwork brooches. The brooch was decorated with two stylised animal heads and a weaving pattern. Analogies were not found in Lithuanian archaeological material. In this article, the author discusses the possible origin and chronology of the brooches found in Viešvilė cemetery III.

Armed People of East and Southeast Lithuania in the Geocultural Context of the Migration Period

Audronė Bliujienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.280

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 145–165

Abstract

The article discusses the rapidly changing geocultural situation from the fifth to the seventh century in east and southeast Lithuania. As chiefdoms with strong leaders were taking shape from the fifth to the seventh centuries, the demonstration of power by means of exceptional weapons and other cultural elements became a highly important factor.

New Traces in Old Barrows. A Reinterpretation of Particular Finds from Barrrow 2 at Szwajcaria Cemetery (Sudovian Culture)

Bartosz Kontny

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.279

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 132–143

Abstract

The author recalls the famous princely Sudovian culture grave at Szwajcaria (today within the administrative limits of Suwałki). Apart from presenting the grave furnishings according to up-to-date typological standards, he tries to reinterpret particular finds, identifying the metal fittings of a saddle and the metal mountings of a possible leather bucket aimed at hiding a horse harness. Additionally, an engraved ornament spotted on the head of a shafted weapon Type Vennolum/Ilkjær 15 is presented.

Warrior Burials with Knives-Daggers: Socio-Cultural Aspects of Research. A Comparative Analysis of Early Migration Period Warrior Graves in the Sambian-Natangian Group Area (the Kaliningrad Region of Russia)

Jaroslaw A Prassolow

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.278

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 119–130

Abstract

The author presents some of his recent results and observations made within the framework of a research project devoted to a comparative typo-chronological analysis of Migration Period knives-daggers in the basin of the Baltic Sea, and to the study of socio-historical tendencies and events marked by the appearance of these artefacts. The intensification of field research in the region in recent years, as well as the rediscovery of parts of the former Prussia-Museum’s collection and regained access to the archives of prewar researchers, has allowed the author to back up the study with an unprecedentedly high number of knife-dagger finds and relevant burial complexes.

The Origin of Burial Sites in Eastern Latvia Consisting of Typical Stone Graves

Jānis Ciglis

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.277

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 104–117

Abstract

This article is dedicated to a chronology of typical stone graves. An attempt is made to date the beginning of these stone graves to a slightly earlier period than was done until now, namely up to the middle of the first century. This date is based on the dating of a few forms of artefacts.

Some Notes on the Issue of the Development of Balt Society in the Ninth to the 13th Centuries in the Context of the Socio-Political Structures of the Baltic Region

Marius Ščavinskas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.276

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 82–101

Abstract

The article discusses questions pertaining to the development of the socio-political structures of the West Balts. On the basis of archaeological studies and scarce historical sources, the conclusion is drawn that the first shoots of statehood might have emerged during the Viking era. It seems that the fortification of hill-forts, the emergence of castles, the increasing differentiation of material wealth, the emergence of proto-towns, and the formation of the stratum of warriors should allow us to talk of the emergence of chiefdoms in the land of the West Balts. However, all these attributes rather demonstrate the development of social structures. The question is put whether the social elite that stood out during the Viking era was at the same time the political elite. Thus, the main question is, what kind of chiefdoms can we talk about, and from when and how did the political elite emerge, which predetermined the emergence of a state in the lands of the East Balts, but which nevertheless did not lead the society of the West Balts to statehood?

East Baltic Middle Iron Age Wealth Deposits in Burial Areas: An Example of Regional Cultural Practice

Ester Oras

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.275

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 61–80

Abstract

This article provides an example of how variable the uses of and practices in prehistoric burial monuments can be. The concept of ‘wealth deposits’ is introduced, which arguably helps to define the variety of intentionally concealed artefact deposits as a whole. An emphasis is put on deposits in burial areas. It is shown that the depositional practices in burial areas vary considerably in the three Baltic countries, and we can definitely talk about small-scale regional practices, not universal and unitarily interpreted cultural phenomena. Special attention is paid to Estonian Middle Iron Age material. An overview of possible interpretations based on purely archaeological reasoning, as well as parallels from written sources, is provided.

Ruptured Space and Time in Lahepera Burial Site in Eastern Estonia

Krista Karro

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.273

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 49–59

Abstract

This article discusses archaeological landscapes as narratives. Artefacts tell stories, but they are also parts of larger stories told

by the landscapes of their time. Landscapes are considered to comprise not only the physical setting to people’s activities, but

also the social space of the inhabitants. As the social world itself always consists of stories, it is possible to read landscapes

as narratives of an area in a certain period. However, these narratives are subjective, because the landscape has been ruptured

by time: the physical and social landscape has changed a great deal over the centuries, and due to the temporal distance, it is

not always easy for an archaeologist to tell the story of a past period.

Narratives can be collective or individual, and so can landscapes. Usually, archaeological landscapes represent the laws and

traditions of a past society, so they are collective landscapes. Iron Age burial landscapes are at present spatially and temporally

ruptured landscapes that narrate the collective stories of their time.

The notions of collectivity and individuality are also used in the discussion of the case study, for understanding these concepts

in society is an interesting problem, especially in the case of the Late Iron Age in Estonia. The transition from collective to

individual burial is a spatial rupture, both in the sense of the physical landscape and the social space of society. In this article,

the rupture will be studied first and foremost from the perspective of the landscape of the burial site, and this will be combined

with different archaeological data from other areas and hypotheses on the Late Iron Age social system previously published.

In conclusion, the spatially and temporally ruptured burial landscape of Lahepera will tell its story.

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