Journal:Tiltai
Volume 96, Issue 1 (2026), pp. 85–107
Abstract
Employee loyalty is defined as a positive attitude of employees towards their employing organisation, implying favourable emotional and rational evaluations, as well as a commitment to achieving maximum work performance within the organisation. Loyalty strengthens the organisation’s image, through employees’ behaviour, stability, engagement, and the development of long-term relationships. As an organisational attribute, employee loyalty requires consistent managerial efforts to create a motivating work environment, ensure employee satisfaction, and reduce turnover. Pastoral care is understood as holistic support provided to individuals, oriented towards their spiritual, emotional and social needs, and is broadly associated with the promotion of spiritual well-being. It is often linked to Christian values, and includes support for individuals experiencing spiritual difficulties. The aim of the study is to determine the level of organisational loyalty among pastoral care employees, and to assess the significance of employee motivation and organisational management factors to this loyalty. The research method employed is a questionnaire-based survey of pastoral care employees.
Journal:Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis
Volume 41 (2020): Aspects of Southeast Baltic Social History: The 14th to the 18th Centuries = Baltijos pietrytinės pakrantės socialinės istorijos aspektai XIV–XVIII amžiais, pp. 53–71
Abstract
Late Medieval Prussia, an area ruled by the Teutonic Order, was a multilingual entity, with the Baltic and Slavic languages used by the local population alongside the German language. This linguistic diversity was a challenge to priests, and to their pastoral work. A command of the languages of their parishioners was crucial for them, as they not only had to teach and hear confession, but also to announce the instructions of the local bishop. So far, historians have discussed the linguistic skills of the clergy mainly in the context of the Christianisation of the native Prussian population. This article deals with the issue by focusing on Late Medieval Prussia and the lower clergy. It discusses the provisions of synodal statutes and papal documents regulating the clergy’s command of the languages of their parishioners. The author explores problems of linguistic skill relating to the origin and education of the local clergy, in addition to the impact of the right of patronage and the practical activities of Prussian and Polish chaplains. He also pays attention to the tradition of employing interpreters to support priests who did not know the local Baltic and Slavic languages; this was especially problematic during confession.