Globalisation and migration have resulted in a growing number of children of Lithuanian descent being raised abroad, where their connection to the native language develops outside the natural linguistic environment. Lithuanian heritage schools play a crucial role in maintaining the Lithuanian language and the national identity; however, attendance is limited, and children’s motivation to learn Lithuanian depends on various family, educational and social factors. This article examines instruction in Lithuanian as a non-native language in heritage schools, with particular focus on students’ learning motivation. Empirical data were collected in 2025 through a quantitative survey involving 47 teachers from Lithuanian heritage schools in 15 countries, and 112 parents abroad raising children up to the age of 18. The questionnaires were designed based on theoretical sources on motivation, bilingualism and heritage language learning, and the results were analysed statistically. The findings highlight the pedagogical, family and social factors shaping children’s motivation, and contribute to a deeper understanding of Lithuanian language education in the diaspora.
Bibliotherapy is used in children’s day centers in order to provide assistance to children and adolescents from social risk families. There is evidence found in scientific literature that the application of bibliotherapy at day centers is useful for strengthening self-sufficiency, and if applied purposefully, it enables to cope with psychological problems, promotes spiritual growth and qualitative development, raises self-esteem, self-knowledge, understanding, and frees from perceptions that prevents from recognizing personal unpleasant feelings. The professional application of bibliotherapy at day centers, by working with children and adolescents, creates assumptions to strengthen the motivation regarding self-cognition, self-development and learning. The aim of this research is to answer to the question of how bibliotherapy can be applied in social pedagogical activities at children’s day centers (CDC). After a qualitative research had been accomplished (of social educators, parents whose children attend CDC), it was found that the application of bibliotherapy is justified in solving various social-pedagogical problems of children and youth (especially those associated with dealing with motivation problems of adolescent learning).