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Klaipėdos universitetas

Author: Tomas Rimkus

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Conference report ‘Final Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic of Northern Eurasia: New research and recent discoveries’— A meeting of the UISPP commission The Final Palaeolithic of Northern Eurasia

Tomas Rimkus

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v31i0.2669

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2024 Type: Discussion | Apžvalga

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 31 (2024), pp. 131–140

Vilūnai 5: A Stone Age and Early Metal period site in the western part of Kalviai Lake valley (southern Lithuania)

Tomas Rimkus

Gintautas Zabiela

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v31i0.2662

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 31 (2024), pp. 7–28

Abstract

In 2020, extensive archaeological research was carried out in the western part of the Kalviai

Lake valley. New sites were identified, one of which was named Vilūnai 5. It is a sandy open-air

site located on a fluvioglacial hill. The archaeological investigations have shown that the site

was probably visited by people as early as the Final Palaeolithic, but the most intensive episodes

of occupation are seen in the Mesolithic, Subneolithic and Neolithic periods, as well as the

beginning of the Metal period. This paper aims to present the results of these excavations. It

provides data on the flint and non-flint lithic artefacts and ceramic finds. Although the site does

not contain preserved organics, and therefore much data concerning human activity is absent,

this paper aims to integrate the Vilūnai 5 site and its archaeological material into the overall

context of Stone Age sites around Kalviai Lake’s shores.

T-shaped antler axes in Lithuania : previously unrevealed Middle Holocene hunter-gatherer technology

Tomas Rimkus

Adomas Butrimas Harald Lübke

All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v30i0.2563

Pub. online: 28 Dec 2023 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 30 (2023), pp. 41–57

Abstract

This paper discusses one of the most characteristic hunter-gatherer osseous implements — the

T-shaped antler axe. These are made from red deer (Cervus elaphus) antler beam by removing the

trez tine and creating a perforation for a shaft in its place. This type of axe is quite widely known

in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic contexts of northern, western and central Europe. Until

now, T-shaped antler axes have been only sporadically mentioned in research on Lithuanian

prehistory. Ten T-axes are currently known from eight find locations, concentrated in western and

southern Lithuania. These axes were mainly discovered as single finds during wetland drainage or

peat extraction. Only two excavated sites contained T-axes in settlement refuse layers. This paper

provides details of the find circumstances and technological features of all ten axes, as well as the

results of AMS 14C dating. The dating suggests that this technology had already spread among

hunter-gatherers in the territory of Lithuania as early as the second half of the 6th millennium,

and continued at least until the transition to the 4th millennium cal BC.

Preface

Tomas Rimkus

Audronė Bliujienė

Pub. online: 28 Dec 2023 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 30 (2023), p. 3

Latvijas Archeoloģijas Rokasgrāmata [Handbook of Latvian Archaeology]. Andrejs Vasks and Gunita Zariņa (eds.). Riga: Zinātne, 2021 – 678 pp.

Tomas Rimkus

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2022 Type: Book Review

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 29 (2022), pp. 169–170

An attempt to link a lithic complex with the Late Palaeolithic Rangifer tarandus antler axe from the Parupė site in northern Lithuania

Tomas Rimkus Algirdas Girininkas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v28i0.2285

Pub. online: 29 Dec 2021 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 28 (2021), pp. 118–131

Abstract

The recent intensification of AMS 14C assays of bone and antler artefacts in the east and southeast

Baltic region has revealed a number of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler axes, and their prevalence

in the Late Palaeolithic osseous toolkit. One of the oldest, dating from 11 221–11 048 cal

BC, was discovered in 2014 in the village of Parupė, on the left bank of the River Nemunėlis, in

northern Lithuania. Until now, no such organic implements discovered in the region in question

have been associated with any Late Palaeolithic taxonomic group, but at the location of the antler

axe at Parupė between 2015 and 2019, three concentrations of numerous lithic findings have been

identified, whose typological and technological features allow for the consideration of their possible

association with the dated axe. In this paper, we present three concentrations of lithic finds

(sites 1–3) at Parupė village, providing their technological and typological data, and their possible

chronology and taxonomy, reflecting the Late Palaeolithic and Early and Late Mesolithic. We

conclude that the moderate lithic complex from site 1 should be associated with Late Palaeolithic

technology, and can possibly be linked with the antler axe.

The Final Palaeolithic in the coastal part of Lithuania with the technological emphasis on Aukštumala Stone Age sites

Tomas Rimkus Algirdas Girininkas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v28i0.2284

Pub. online: 29 Dec 2021 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 28 (2021), pp. 102–117

Abstract

The Final Palaeolithic in the Lithuanian coastal zone has so far been represented only by a few

archaeological finds from individual contexts, and a small number of archaeological excavations.

However, their analysis has not revealed much regarding the technological development of hunting

implements and work tools, or the choice and the use of necessary raw materials, and little

data has been provided on the chronological aspects, or the connection between settlement locations

and the changing level of the Baltic Sea. This paper presents the latest archaeological

material from the Final Palaeolithic in the Lithuanian coastal area, based on the three sites at

Aukštumala upland bog, and stray finds found in the area. The article focuses on technological

and typological aspects of lithics related to Swiderian culture. The results of the study show that,

with the shortage of flint raw material, Final Palaeolithic societies at Aukštumala relied on smaller

and narrower blades, and compensated for the lack of flint raw material by using other, locally

available metamorphic rocks.

Essential changes in the composition of copper alloys reveal technological diversities in the transition from the Earliest Iron Age to the Early Roman period in Lithuania

Audronė Bliujienė Gediminas Petrauskas Jurga Bagdzevičienė All authors (5)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v28i0.2281

Pub. online: 29 Dec 2021 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 28 (2021), pp. 39–62

Abstract

In the context of archaeometallurgical studies of copper alloys, it is relevant to record the essential

changes in the elemental composition of copper alloys that occur during changes in technology

and transitions in human history. This article presents the shift in the elemental composition of

copper alloy from bronze-based alloys to brass ones during essential changes in archaeological

material which happened at the turn of the Earliest Iron Age (500–1 BC) and the Early Roman

period, from the 1st century BC to the middle of the 1st century AD. As early as the 2nd and

1st centuries BC, in the Antique world and the Roman Empire and its provinces, brass was already

starting to partly replace bronze. Even if the Earliest Iron Age is the least knowable period

in Lithuanian prehistory, the few pieces of jewellery attributed to this period show the changes

in the composition of the copper alloy. The territorial growth of the Late Antique world and

internal contacts within the Barbaricum led to the expanding strength of commodities, including

raw materials, technologies, cultural ideas and ideological attitudes. Goods and ideas spread

throughout the vast barbarian lands, and eventually reached the forest zone of northeast Europe.

Sudden changes during the Early Roman period were first of all connected with the development

of settlement structure, and this has therefore made it possible to identify some major places of

the production of artefacts and partly changed directions of exchange. All this was accompanied

by the emergence of new jewellery types produced by skilled jewellers according to sophisticated

techniques. These changes are clearly visible in Early Roman period Lithuanian archaeological

material, including the elemental composition of copper alloys. The present article uses X-ray

fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry to investigate the composition of copper alloys. Radiography

was used to understand the construction of artefacts, and to assess the degree of their inner corrosion

and sophisticated manufacturing techniques. Solder samples were taken from the surfaces

of several finds, and were analysed by qualitative microchemical analysis.

Katja Winkler, Ahrensburgien und Swiderien im mittleren Oderraum. Technologische und typologische Untersuchungen an Silexartefakten der Jüngeren Dryaszeit. OA, Band 11. Kiel-Hamburg, 2019. – 496 pp.

Tomas Rimkus

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2020 Type: Book Review

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 27 (2020), pp. 142–145

Working at the Sharp End: From Bone and Antler to Early Mesolithic Life in Northern Europe. D. Groß, H. Lübke, J.Meadows, D.Jantzen (eds). Untersuchungen und Materialien zur Steinzeit in Schleswig-Holstein und im Ostseeraum, Band 10. Kiel-Hamburg, 2019.

Tomas Rimkus

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2020 Type: Book Review

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