Computational Science and Techniques

In Lithuania, solar energy is expanding rapidly. In 2020, the installed capacity of solar power plants was 170 MW, and by 2025, it exceeded 900 MW. This growth reflects not only technological progress but also an increasing interest from consumers and businesses. With rising electricity consumption and more solar modules being installed, it is becoming increasingly important to analyse how technological efficiency is evolving in the Lithuanian climate and the influence of the legal framework on this process. Properly coordinated technical and legal development can ensure the sustainable and long-term advancement of solar energy. This research paper explores the interplay between legal solutions and technological efficiency in the development of solar power plants, analyses the main challenges facing Lithuania and the EU, and identifies areas that remain underexplored. Directions for further research are provided, emphasising system optimisation and long-term performance.

Augant naudojamų daiktų interneto įrenginių bei tinklų skaičiui, kyla ir naujos saugumo rizikos, susijusios su šiais daiktų interneto tinklais. Šiame darbe yra pristatoma lyginamoji įvairių mašininio ir gilaus mokymosi modelių klasifikavimo našumo analizė – tikslumo bei atpažinimo metrikos – naudojant CIC-IoT-IDS2023 duomenų rinkinį, skirtą apmokyti mašininio mokymo modelius aptikti prieš daiktų interneto įrenginius nukreiptas atakas. Taip pat pateiktiamos gaires tolimesniems darbams kuriant kibernetinių įsilaužimų aptikimo sistemą daiktų interneto tinkluose. Siūlomos gairės apima sprendimo medžių modelių hiperparametrų tobulinimą, realaus laiko įsilaužimų aptikimo komponento kūrimą bei testavimą naudojant kraštinius (angl. edge) įrenginius.

This study presents an analysis of floating cranes and the design of one such crane. During the analysis phase, various types of floating cranes and their structural designs were examined. Based on this analysis, the necessary calculations were performed to select a suitable crane and pontoon.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of ballast water treatment technologies, along with a detailed evaluation of the selection of treatment equipment, calculations of hydraulic pressure loss, and a theoretical layout of the equipment. The technology analysis assesses 13 different treatment methods based on six criteria for installing such systems in the space-restricted engine room, aiming to mitigate the threat posed by untreated ballast water to marine life. The selected technologies are filtration and ultraviolet (UV) as the primary and secondary ballast water treatment technologies. These methods ensure efficient, rapid, and environmentally friendly ballast water treatment.

Šiame straipsnyje aptariame dirbtinio intelekto ir mokymosi analitikos naudojimo situaciją ir galimybes Lietuvos bendrojo ugdymo mokyklose. Nacionalinė švietimo agentūra yra sudariusi 2020 m. ir 2021 m. Lietuvos bendrojo ugdymo mokyklose naudojamų skaitmeninių mokymo(si) priemonių sąrašą . Tyrime kėlėme klausimą kokia dalis siūlomų skaitmeninių mokymo(si) priemonių naudoja dirbtinį intelektą ir mokymosi analitiką. Atlikus antrinę Nacionalinės švietimo agentūros sudarytame skaitmeninių mokymo(si) priemonių sąraše teikiamų 244 [dviejų šimtų keturiasdešimt keturių] priemonių analizę, galime teigti, kad iš 244 skaitmeninių mokymo(si) priemonių tik keturios taiko dirbtinį intelektą. Didžioji dalis skaitmeninių mokymo(si) priemonių yra vienakryptės, kurios skirtos tik mokomojo turinio perdavimui, jos nekaupia duomenų apie besimokantįjį ir grįžtamosios informacijos negauna nei mokinys, nei mokytojas. Dauguma skaitmeninių mokymo(si) priemonių, kurios kaupia statistiką yra mokamos arba iš dalies mokamos.

Section 1 of this paper follows entirely a scenario from the article “Engineering Compliant Software: Advising Developers by Automating Legal Reasoning” by D. Oberle, F. Drefs, R. Wacker, C. Baumann and O. Raabe, SCRIPTed (2012) 9:3, 280–313, where it serves as a running example. It demonstrates that data transfer violates the law. This motivating scenario has added value in the education of software developers and is worth sharing with the computer communities of other countries including Lithuania. In the scenario, the continental law and EU law sways the particularities of the German law. The motivation for teaching the scenario can be compared with teaching concrete cases in the study of law. Legal reasoning is demonstrated by supplementing the provisions of the German Federal Data Protection Act (FDPA) with those of the Lithuanian Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data, which have the same meaning. In Section 3, we attempt to formulate the software compliance problem. Finally, we explain the notion of subsumption – a legal qualification of facts according to a norm’s circumstance. We consider subsumption to consist of two notions: terminological subsumption and normative subsumption.

Monte Carlo experiments are an efficient tool for investigation of the Laser-Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) testing with pulsed lasers. In this study, the approach of sequential Monte Carlo search is developed for LIDT testing with bundle of laser pulses and compared with the approach of Sample Average Approximation (SAA). The likelihood ratio test is applied to accept or reject the hypothesis about the data distribution.

This paper presents a new algorithm for a batch of task makespan minimisation in heterogeneous multigrid computing. Heterogeneous grids are known to cause straggling task problem that increases task execution makespan. Existing task distribution algorithms solve this problem by using information about the compute node capacities or task sizes. However, such information may not always be available. Task stalling solves both problems. However, this method is described for queuing systems consisting of only two heterogeneous servers or grids. Our proposed algorithm is based on an improved task stalling method, allowing it to distribute tasks in systems consisting of two or more grids. Experiment results show reduced task execution makespan by up to 19,92% compared to FIFO. This allows us to conclude that the new algorithm is suitable for a batch of task makespan minimisation in heterogeneous multigrid computing.

Bayesian Networks are used to model a user's behaviour. There is not much research on the use of Frequentist Inference to accomplish this same task. This paper aims to analyze and describe the differences between inference methods: Bayesian and Frequentist. A simulation was conducted using Conditional Probabilities that were drawn from the Drupal Usability Study that was conducted in 2012 to apply to both inference methods, Bayesian and Frequentist. Results from this simulation showed that for most probabilities, Bayesian and Frequentist values are reasonably close. Although more frequentist values were equal to 50% than Bayesian values. With this, it was deduced that for Adaptive User Interfaces, Bayesian Inference is a superior method to use.

When doing a searching process, Binary Search is one of the classic algorithm used in sorted data. The characteristic of this algorithm is to make a comparison of the keywords you want to find with the start, middle, and end values of a data series. Keyword search is done by reducing the range of start and end points to finally find the keyword you want to search. The time complexity of the binary search algorithm is O(log2n) while the memory capacity needed is O(1) for iterative implementation and O(log2n) for recursive implementation. This research will develop a level of comparison in binary search in order to get optimal performance in accordance with the amount of data available.