Improving Sustainability in Logistics Through Artificial Intelligence and Distributed Ledger Technologies
Volume 47, Issue 3 (2025), pp. 37–44
Pub. online: 4 December 2025
Type: Article
Open Access
Open Access
Published
4 December 2025
4 December 2025
Abstract
As global pressure increases for sustainable and transparent supply chains, logistics organisations are exploring ways to strengthen
environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. This article examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and distributed
ledger technologies (DLT) contribute to ESG integration in logistics. The study applies a qualitative desk research approach based
on secondary data from 2017–2025, including sustainability reports, port authority publications, and the industry press. The comparative
case analysis covers four Baltic logistics actors: the Port of Klaipėda (Lithuania), Vlantana (Lithuania), the Freeport of Riga/
Baltic Container Terminal (Latvia), and HHLA TK Estonia (Estonia). The findings show that Klaipėda’s LNG, OPS, and hydrogen
projects enhance environmental outcomes; the Vlantana Norge case exposes social and governance compliance risks; and Riga and
Tallinn demonstrate governance-oriented digitalisation through 5G networks and blockchain documentation. AI primarily supports
efficiency and risk detection, while DLT secures the transparency and auditability of ESG data. Together, they function as complementary
enablers of ESG reporting, though broader adoption requires regulatory alignment, interoperability, and investment in the
digital infrastructure.