Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis

The repressive politics of the Soviet Union between 1939-1941 and 1939-1958, which affected 1 in 10 Lithuanians, is well researched by Russian and Lithuanian researchers. The most important archival documents and research have been published. Few, however, know of the deportation from Lithuania to Tajikistan at the end of the Second World War of a small Lithuanian minority of German ancestry. In this article, the selection criteria and other circumstances that led to the deportation of this 908 person group, that were considered “enemies of the State” in 22-26 of April, 1945, is defined using the electronic database gathered at the Centre of the Research of Genocide and Resistance in Lithuania, documents from the KGB archive and diaries and memoirs of the deportees themselves. Comparisons are made between the treatment of “enemy nationals” of German, Japanese or Italian ancestry by the democratic allies – USA, Britain and Canada and totalitarian USSR.