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Kraje Regionu Bałtyckiego na drodze do społeczeństwa informacyjnego | Countries of the Baltic Region on Their Way to the Information Society

Beata Stachowiak

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 16 (2008): Baltijos regiono istorija ir kultūra: Lietuva ir Lenkija. Politinė istorija, politologija, filologija = History and Culture of Baltic Region: Lithuania and Poland. Political History, Political Sciences, Philology, pp. 149–158

Abstract

The article is devoted to presentations of the research results concerning the problem of countries of the Baltic region on their way to the information society. From the early Middle Ages the Baltic Region was an area of intensive contacts among the countries. There was an area of competition and cooperation at the plane of politics, economy, commerce and culture. After the Second World War these contacts were weak, but the situation has changed after 1989. The cooperation among countries of the Baltic Region has become very important in the context of forming the information society. All the countries of the European Union accomplish the Lisbon Strategy. As the matter of fact, the rate of this realization is slow, but its foundation is common for all the countries of the EU.

Otnosheniia mezhdu Litvoi i Pol'shei kontsa 1980-kh – 1990-kh godov v kontekste problem Vil'niusskogo kraia i polozheniia pol'skogo men'shinstva v Litve | The Lithuanian National Movement (“Sąjūdis”) and the “Polish issue” in Lithuania …

Swietłana Czerwonnaja

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the new historical investigations on the problem of the Lithuanian National Movement (“Sąjūdis”) and the “Polish issue” in Lithuania: the intrinsic situation and the interventions of outside in the end of 1980-ies – beginning of the 1990-ies. The so called “Polish issue” in Lithuania – both in its full historical dimension and in the special acute meaning that appeared in the end of 1980-ies – since a long time finds itself in the field of the scientific and civil attention. Our paper is an attempt to lead this issue out of the borders of only Lithuanian-Polish controversial discourse and to consider it in the context of all the dramatic history of the national movements in the period of the Soviet Union’s disintegration, in the system of political provocations which the communist regime, doomed already to its downfall, tried to use for repression against its contestants.

Svajonės atkurti Abiejų Tautų Respubliką XX amžiaus pradžioje, arba dar kartą apie dvilypę lenkų-lietuvių tautinę savimonę | Dreams about the Revival of Polish-Lithuanian State at the Beginning of the 20th Century …

Andrzej Pukszto

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the historical investigations on the dreams about the revival of Polish-Lithuanian State at the beginning of the 20th C. That is once again about two-level Polish-Lithuanian national awareness. Both attachment to the Catholic faith inseparable from respect for the Polish language and Polish education were the main determinants of Polish identity in Lithuania at the beginning of 20th century. Preservation of tradition of independence found expression in fostering the idea of the revival of Polish-Lithuanian State. Political system and the size of the State were hardly imaginable. During the first years of the 20th century even in Warsaw there were rare attempts to establish, to specify what Polish country to desire. It was useless to ask the Poles in Vilnius or Kaunas about their precise political plans.

Moterų judėjimas Šiaurės Vakarų krašte: lietuvių ir lenkių veikla ir siekiai | Women Movement in the North West Countries: Polish and Lithuanian Women Activities and Aspirations

Virginija Jurėnienė

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the new research results on the historical 19th–20th C. women movement in the North-West European countries, actually in Polish and Lithuanian women activities and aspirations. In the Great Poland that belonged to Germany women joined the national movement. First women associations that were involved in charitable work were created in the middle of 19th century. Polish social democrat professional unions were created in the 8th decade of 19 century: women confederation created in 1894 in Poznan rose up the question of women’s political rights. In 1896 the new Lithuanian Social democrat party (LSDP) included equal political rights of both sexes into its program. In 1903 Lithuanian Democrat party (LDP) had a congress where women’s political rights were declared. About 3 % of all new party members were women

Steigiamojo Seimo idėja ir ištisinio lietuvių kalbos ploto faktorius baltų-slavų-vokiečių istorinės kaimynystės kontekste | The Idea of Constituent Assembly and the Factor of the Lithuanian Language Usage Area …

Arūnas Vyšniauskas

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the new historical investigations on the idea of Constituent Assembly and the factor of the Lithuanian language usage area in the context of Baltic-Slavic-German historical neighbourhood. The State Council of Lithuania aspired to a large geographical space for the national statehood in 1918. A Constituent Assembly (Steigiamasis Seimas) was elected 1920 in the area where Lithuanian- speaking population dominated. Until 1990, Lithuanians comprised about 80 percent of the total population in the Soviet Lithuania, and, after the reestablishment of the independence, a zero variant of citizenship was accepted. From the historical perspective we can better understand the Lithuanian national strategy of the years 1918–1920, when the leading Lithuanian politicians revendicated the great territory with millions of Slavic-speaking population

Stosunki polsko-litewskie po 1989 roku | The Polish-Lithuanian Relations after 1989

Hanna Szczechowicz

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the research of the Polish-Lithuanian relations after 1989. Political changes after 1989, especially the communism collapse in Central-Eastern Europe, the Germany unification and the Soviet Union disintegration brought Poland and Lithuania to a new geopolitical situation. After the liberation from Soviet domination, Poland and Lithuania came over the similar development way. The history of the latest period proved that Poles and Lithuanians can organise their social, economic and political life in spite of many troubles. Poles and Lithuanians, based on the past experience, will be able to ensure the prosperous future for reciprocal Polish-Lithuanian relations based on positive examples, the equal partnership status and similar aspirations and endeavours.

Problem polsko-radzieckiej granicy w byłych Prusach Wschodnich w latach 1945–1958 | Problem of the Polish–Soviet Border in the Former East Prussia in Years 1945–1958

Mirosław Golon

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the new historical investigations on the problem of the Polish-Soviet state border admittance in the former East Prussia in the years 1945-1958. The matter of the final course of the Polish-Soviet border was not resolved until years 1956-1957. The Soviet side proposed formal delimitation in the territory of the Polish-Soviet border in the region of the Kaliningrad circuit in April 1956 doing the condition of temporariness away. The border was traced in the territory according to its already existing course after months of works of the delimitation committee. The agreement confirming the course of the border was signed in Moscow on the 5th of March 1957.

Lietuvos ir Lenkijos santykiai tarpukariu: pirmieji atšilimo požymiai | Lithuanian-Polish Relations in Interwar Period: the First Signs of a Thaw

Arūnas Gumuliauskas

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the new historical investigations on the problem of Lithuanian-Polish relations in interwar period, as a first signs of a thaw. In the beginning of the 1930’s the political situation in Europe changed. Lithuanian and Polish politicians had to look for new ways to resolve the conflict between the two countries. Lithuanian foreign minister S. Lozoraitis had a real opportunity to put an end to the prolonged conflict. He had to finish the period of Lithuania’s previous political orientation and to start a new period of foreign policy, which is mentioned in historiography as a beginning of “the new course”.

Związek państw bałtyckich a Polska w koncepcjach konserwatystów wileńskich | Association of the Baltic Countries versus the Republic of Poland in the Policies of Vilnius Conservatives

Jacek Gzella

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the historical investigations regarding the association of the Baltic countries versus the Republic of Poland in the policies of Vilnius conservatives (1922). The grounding of the Baltic countries during the First World War, especially of Lithuania and Latvia, was not considered in the programmes of any of the Polish parties and political factions. Resulting territorial claims made by Poland along with the demands made by the above mentioned Baltic countries were the cause of numerous conflicts between the Republic of Poland and these states and the late establishment of diplomatic relations, with the exception of Lithuania. They were commenced by talks concerning cooperation between the Baltic countries and Poland which resulted in signing of a repelling alliance treaty on the 17th of March 1922. The treaty did not come into force because of the lack of ratification from the parliament of Finland.

Polityka państwa polskiego w stosunku do mniejszości litewskiej w latach 1920-1939. Wybrane aspekty | The Policy of the Polish Government with a Lithuanian Minority between 1920 and 1939: Selected aspects

Wojciech Śleszyński

Pub. online: 15 Jan 2008 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the research on the policy of the Polish government with a Lithuanian minority between 1920 and 1939. Polish authorities paid much less attention to the problem of the Lithuanian minority in comparison with those of Ukrainians or Germans at that time. Similarly, in the north-eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic, it was a Byelorussian minority, not Lithuanians that posed troubles to the government. Throughout the interwar period the authorities hoped for diplomatic relations with Lithuania. Therefore, the problem of the minority was treated as a foreign affair not as an interior problem.

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