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The Engagement of the Visegrad 4 in International Transfer of Capital in the Form of Foreign Direct Investment in the Post-Crisis Period

Iwona Pawlas

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v26i3.1813

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 26, Issue 3 (2018), pp. 93–106

Abstract

The paper concentrates on the international transfer of capital in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI). A relatively high level of investment attractiveness of an economy is required for the attraction of capital in the form of FDI. Inflow of capital in the form of FDI is perceived as a factor stimulating economic development of the so-called catching up economies, and the Visegrad 4 countries can be viewed as such economies. The crucial objective of the paper is to present investment attractiveness of the Visegrad 4 countries in the light of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / the World Bank reports and EY’s surveys. A parallel objective is to analyse the engagement of the Visegrad 4 countries in international capital transfer in the form of FDI in post-crisis period in order to identify inward and outward FDI flows and stock. The research tools used in the article included literature studies, descriptive analysis and comparative analysis. The undertaken research leads to a conclusion that foreign capital played an important role in the transformation of the V4 economies and their strong integration with the world economy. It contributed to supplementing capital shortages and increasing efficiency. The V4 countries remain net importers of capital in the form of FDI, though the positions of the V4 as investors in the world market have risen slightly over the last decade. It is of vital importance to introduce dynamic and effective actions aiming at promoting the V4 as a location of FDI and to undertake parallel activities directed at stimulating the V4 investment abroad.

DARNAUS VYSTYMOSI RODIKLIŲ IŠSKYRIMO METODOLOGIJA: PROBLEMOS IR ĮŽVALGOS

Audrius Kutkaitis

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v9i1.596

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 9, Issue 1 (2013), pp. 93–101

Abstract

Darnaus vystymosi idėjų ir principų taikymas šių dienų plėtros procesuose, be abejo, yra populiari, diskutuotina pastarųjų metųmokslinė tema. Vis dėlto tai nepadeda atskleisti kai kurių darnaus vystymosi tyrimo problemų, nenusako to, kaip darnus vystymasisįvertinamas tam tikruose etapuose ir kaip išskiriami rodikliai, padedantys apskaičiuoti procesą. Šio straipsnio tikslas – pateikti metodologiją,kaip, autoriaus nuomone, būtų galima išskirti rodiklius, kurie tiktų vertinti įvairių procesų darną. Straipsnyje aptariamiįvairių procesų vystymosi veiksniai, aplinkos būklės saugumo kriterijai, apimantys skirtingas sritis.

The Problem of Klaipėda Region Peripherality

Gintarė Pociūtė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v6i1.2333

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 6, Issue 1 (2012), pp. 93–103

Abstract

This article presents the socioeconomic and demographic situation in Klaipėda county that is illustrated by chosen indicators’ analysis. In this article Klaipėda county has been chosen as an example territory to measure the peripherality phenomenon. Thus, in order to measure the peripherality the chosen indicators’ values were compared with Lithuanian average and state’s centres’ values. The article stresses the most peripheral regions in Klaipėda county which needs the governance attention and also the strongest one that leads all the county. The article finds out that the cooperation question is essential for both – county’s peripheries and centres – as it provides possibility to stay stable or even endows a potential to grow.

Sustainable Development and the Practice of Spatial Planning: A Proposal of Criteria for Measuring the Overall Sustainability of Planning Actions in Open Public Urban Spaces

Joan Noguera Mar Riera

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v19i2.1286

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 19, Issue 2 (2016), pp. 92–104

Abstract

The sustainable city debate is gaining ground in recent years, featuring as a prominent issue in several policy documents of the European Commission, and enjoying support by the main organisations and institutions at international level. At the same time, improving local governance standards by involving citizens in local decision-making is a recurring issue in the debate on local democracy and enhancement of community cohesion. This paper presents an analysis of the European experience and best practice relating sustainable development to the day-to-day practice of spatial planning. The overall purpose is creating a proposal of indicators for measuring the sustainability of planning actions in urban environments.

ŽEMAIČIŲ VYSKUPO JUOZAPO MYKOLO KARPIO EPISTOLA PASTORALIS

Rugilė Pangonytė

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Mokslo ir tikėjimo dialogai Volume 48, Issue 4 (2018), pp. 92–112

Abstract

When Juozapas Mykolas Karpis became bishop of Samogitia, he published Epistola pastoralis – pastoral letter for clergy and seculars. In historiography it is known for its religious and ethnographical things and even to specialists in Lithuanian philology. However, it becomes the main object of this article because of the purpose to settle what kind of Samogitian diocese he wanted to create and how many influences for this process had his political activity. In the preface shortly introduced the concept of pastoral letter and its origin. Also, is given short descriptions of first pastoral letters in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the first section introduced J. M. Karpis life details needed for the research. It helps to reveal future bishop experience, which could have influence, direct and indirect, for letters creation. In the second section and its subsections introduced some communities and problems descriptive in pastoral letter, through which reveals not even Samogitian episcopate situation, but and J. M. Karpis purposes in this diocese.

Practice of Gray Customs System Between Russia and China

Sujit Kumar

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v22i2.1480

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 22, Issue 2 (2017), pp. 92–98

Abstract

“Gray customs system” is an illegal practice of getting goods across the border without official customs approval. Such practice makes a negative impact on Russia-China economic relations and is, therefore, considered as a barrier for bilateral economic relations between Russia and China. In this context, the paper examines the problems occurred due to the gray customs system and the action taken to mitigate this problem. The research method used for this article is the case study method referring to secondary data, scholarly literature and reports.

Museum Science Education in the Pandemic Era

Eleni Kolokouri Athina C. Kornelaki Katerina Plakitsi

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v34i2.2247

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 34, Issue 2 (2021), pp. 92–105

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a distance learning course for pre-service teachers which focuses on science education in

museums with the use of technology. The purpose was mainly to adapt to the new situation of the pandemic, and offer pre-service

teachers an online version of the course following an expansive learning cycle. Towards this direction, the course ‘Τhe Role of the

Museum in Science and Technology Education’ was developed in an online version, so as to connect science education and technology

with the museums, and is addressed to pre-service teachers during the last year of their studies. Cultural Historical Activity

Theory (CHAT) was used as a theoretical framework for the design and the analysis of the course. Τhe methodology followed in an

expansive learning cycle with the participation of 88 pre-service teachers. The results presented in this paper concern pre-service

teachers’ views about distance museum education, conflicts during the distance learning course, and the connections of scientific

topics with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals that pre-service teachers made. The development of this course shows an example

of alternative methods of learning that can be implemented in crisis situations.

The Impact of Lithuanian Financial Crisis for National Economy: Comparative Study

Deimena Kiyak Tomas Reichenbachas

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v7i2.2366

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 8, Issue 3 (2012), pp. 92–105

Abstract

Emphasizing sustainable economic development preconditions in Lithuania and in order to research the formation of regional policy, the article was made on Lithuania financial crisis impact on the economy, comparative study. It was found that in the literature lacks of general method to compare the different financial crises that have occurred in different regions, countries or at different intervals impact to economic indicators, so was created financial crisis impact on countries economy index, to compare this diferent impact. The study identified three financial crisis which negatively affected Lithuanian economy – “Lithunia banking crisis” (1995), “Russian financial crisis” (1998) and “Global Financial Crisis” (2008). Based on this new index calculations, the financial crisis affect was compared and found that the greatest negative impact on the economy caused the Global financial crisis (2008). Examining the specifics of Lithuania’s economy noted that all of the financial crisis affected the gross domestic product growth, labor market and the country budget balance. Meanwhile, the impact on other macroeconomic indicators of the crisis depended on the crises specifics and was different.

DUONOS TRAKTUOTĖ LIETUVIŲ PATARLĖSE

Lina Maslauskienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/rh.v28i0.2399

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Res Humanitariae Volume 29 (2021), pp. 92–108

Abstract

The article analyses proverbs that mention bread. The aim is to reveal how bread is treated in Lithuanian proverbs, and to provide an analysis of the image of bread. It analyses Lithuanian proverbs in which bread is treated as a meal, as well as symbolic meanings and the personification of bread. Stylistic analysis, interpretation and description methods are used in the preparation of the article. Material published in the compendium ‘Lithuanian Proverbs and Sayings’ was mostly used.

Income Inequality, Fiscal Policy and Life Satisfaction in the Baltic States

Edgars Vītols

https://doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v31i2.2101

Pub. online: 4 Aug 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Regional Formation and Development Studies Volume 31, Issue 2 (2020), pp. 91–99

Abstract

Income inequality has received widespread attention in the scientific literature. Income inequality has a significant impact on the health and education levels of the population, as well as increases social tension and crime rates, however there is less research on the impact of income inequality on people`s overall life satisfaction. In Lithuania and Latvia, income inequality expressed by the Gini index of disposable income is among the highest in the EU, whereas in Estonia, income inequality is slightly higher than the average in the EU. Similar results are also found for the Lithuania and Latvia regarding overall life satisfaction, which is among the lowest in the EU, while overall life satisfaction in Estonia is somewhat lower than the average in the EU. The aim of the research is to assess whether income inequality has a negative impact on people`s overall life satisfaction and to evaluate how fiscal policy has affected income inequality and overall life satisfaction in the Baltic States. The results of the research show that income inequality and life satisfaction are negatively correlated, and that fiscal policy has reduced income inequality in the Baltic States, expressed by the Gini index based on market income, on average by 30%.

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