Journal:Archaeologia Baltica
Volume 16 (2011): Settlements and Towns, pp. 186–210
Abstract
This report reviews leather footwear discovered during the latest archaeological research in Klaipėda, in investigations carried out at 3 Kurpių St in 2007 and 2008, and at 10 Žvejų St in 2006 (headed by R. Bračiulienė). Another aim is to present examples of the footwear of Klaipėda dwellers in the 16th and 17th centuries which are of interest in terms of their shape and style, and which are typical of the shoes of the West European Renaissance and of the townsfolk of the Early Modern Period. The following types of footwear are presented: primitive shoes, low-cut shoes, mules and children’s shoes. The report describes the parts of the footwear, joining methods, seams and decorative components. It discusses differences between the footwear of the 16th and the 17th centuries, and refers to morphological studies and microchemical analyses of archaeological leather and thread fibre conducted by other experts.
Journal:Archaeologia Baltica
Volume 16 (2011): Settlements and Towns, pp. 168–185
Abstract
Archaeological excavations in one of the Old Town areas around Kurpių Street have provided new and valuable information
for research related to urban development in the 16th and 17th centuries. Previously accomplished complex research into archaeological, historical, palaeobotanical and zooarchaeological material enabled us to go deeper into both the constructional development of the area and the daily life of the citizens. This article presents up-to-date results from research into zooarchaeological material from one plot on Kurpių Street from the mid-16th century to the second half of the 17th century. On the basis of this data and published historical sources, an analysis is made of some unexplored aspects relating to features of animal breeding and butchering among the local population in the 16th and 17th centuries. It also includes an evaluation of animal osteometric data. The results are compared with data from other Lithuanian records. The insights presented add to our slender knowledge about the nutrition of locals at that time and their daily life.
Journal:Archaeologia Baltica
Volume 16 (2011): Settlements and Towns, pp. 152–167
Abstract
The article analyses material related to glass bottles excavated in Klaipėda (Memel) Old Town. Firstly, this is material from Žvejų St 4 and 6, and the area around Tomo, Didžiojo Vandens, Vežėjų and Pasiuntinių streets. Early glass bottles found in this area could even date from the 16th century, whereas the peak in the local consumption of beverages in bottles is related to the second half of the 18th century and the 19th century. Four major types of local glass bottles are distinguished in this work. Subtypes of extant or partly restored bottles are also introduced. Attempts are made throughout the entire research to answer the questions how much and in what way the bottles discovered in Klaipėda Old Town reflect general patterns of lifestyle in Western and Central Europe in the context of modern times.
Journal:Archaeologia Baltica
Volume 16 (2011): Settlements and Towns, pp. 143–149
Abstract
This paper presents briefly the history of the Nurmuiža estate and its owners, and summarises the results of the 2008 and 2009 archaeological investigations. Nurmuiža belonged to the von Fircks, one of the most influential families of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. The influential positions the family held since the 16th century demanded a certain standard of presentation. The visually impressive Nurmuiža estate served this purpose well. The family’s status was also shown by its settled standard of living. The way of life on the estate has so far been deduced from written and iconographic sources. The aim of this paper is to look at the 16th to 19th-century luxury lifestyle at Nurmuiža through the most interesting archaeological finds from two seasons of excavations.
Journal:Archaeologia Baltica
Volume 16 (2011): Settlements and Towns, pp. 129–142
Abstract
The article looks at possible ways and origins of cultural influence by the example of the pottery production of the New Jerusalem Monastery in the 17th and 18th centuries. It tells about the pottery of the New Jerusalem Monastery, and an attempt is made to trace signs of the influence of different craftsmen, and the situation in general for the development of pottery production and its special features.
Journal:Archaeologia Baltica
Volume 16 (2011): Settlements and Towns, pp. 110–128
Abstract
The Orthodox community which settled in the Civitas Rutenica area in Vilnius started building their houses of worship (Orthodox churches) as early as the first half of the 14th century. At the beginning of the 15th century, there were 12 of them inside the quarter and two outside it. These churches, reflecting Orthodox culture and showing the usual features of their construction, predetermined the further development of this part of the city, and the development of whole areas of Vilnius. Locating them precisely enables us to better understand the urban development of Vilnius, and trends within this development.
Journal:Archaeologia Baltica
Volume 16 (2011): Settlements and Towns, pp. 104–109
Abstract
The aim of our article is to discuss a rather well-known artefact from the Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania in Vilnius. Although the bracelet has been somewhat widely published and exhibited, the information that usually accompanies it is little more than modest. Although it is generally pointed out that the bracelet is adorned with an Arabic inscription, there is still a question mark present. In this article, we will offer a transcription and a translation of the inscription on the bracelet, along with some parallels, which will allow us to determine the origin of this unique find in Lithuanian archaeological material.
Journal:Archaeologia Baltica
Volume 16 (2011): Settlements and Towns, pp. 72–100
Abstract
Favourable conditions for the development of towns in northern central Lithuania occurred only as late as the 15th and 16th centuries. In the 16th and early 17th centuries, some settlements developed into small towns of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was at this time that a mixed urbanistic system with a radial street network and a rectangular market square formed. The absolute majority of 16th to 18th-century buildings in the towns of the Šiauliai Crown Estate, just as in most of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, were built of timber. Only from the early 17th century did the construction begin of brick buildings intended for religious or public purposes (such as the town hall in Joniškis). A more distinct separation between the development of towns can be made on the basis of the specific features of finds. These are finds related to trade, handicrafts and business: coins and hoards of coins, certain types of pottery, tiles, and work tools related to specific handicrafts, products and materials.