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Pulkininkas prieš vyriausybę: plk. Vinco Grigaliūno-Glovackio ir Mykolo Sleževičiaus vyriausybių santykiai 1919 ir 1926 m. | A Colonel against the Cabinet: Relations between Colonel Grigaliūnas Glovackis and the Sleževičius Governments of 1919 and 1926

Kęstutis Kilinskas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v32i0.1462

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 32 (2016): Transfers of Power and the Armed Forces in Poland and Lithuania, 1919–1941 = Valdžios transferai ir ginkluotosios pajėgos: Lenkija ir Lietuva 1919–1941 metais, pp. 79–96

Abstract

The paper presents an analysis of the relationships between Colonel Vincas Grigaliūnas Glovackis, commander of the 2nd Infantry Regiment and one of the major participants in the coup in 1926, and the cabinets led by Mykolas Sleževičius in 1919 and 1926. The author of the research looks into Colonel Grigaliūnas Glovackis’ dissatisfaction with the policies of the second and fourth Sleževičius governments, the defiance of government orders by the 2nd Infantry Regiment, and the involvement of Colonel Grigaliūnas Glovackis in the conflict between the Cabinet of Ministers and the State Council in 1919. The paper reveals the colonel’s political pro-activeness and his links with politicians representing the Christian Democrats and the Nationalists. The research concludes that the 1926 coup could have been caused not only by the officers’ dissatisfaction with the reforms by the coalition government of Popular Peasants and Social Democrats, but also by the conflicts between politically engaged officers and politicians that started as early as the wars of independence.

Panašūs ar skirtingi? Dvi krikščioniškos bendruomenės pagoniškame Vilniuje | Similar or Different? Two Christian Communities in Pagan Vilnius

Rytis Jonaitis

Irma Kaplūnaitė

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v33i0.1497

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 33 (2016): Verbum movet, exemplum trahit. The Emerging Christian Community in the Eastern Baltic = Verbum movet, exemplum trahit. Krikščioniškosios bendruomenės tapsmas Rytų Baltijos regione, pp. 75–98

Abstract

In the 13th and 14th centuries, Lithuania’s neighbours were already Christians: Orthodox to the east, Catholics to the north and south. Members of these two branches of Christianity met in pagan Vilnius, which was already looking at choosing a new faith. By consolidating historical, archaeological, architectural and geological sources, this article explores the reasons for and the circumstances of Christian settlement in pagan Vilnius, analyses the living spaces of both communities, and aims to determine the importance of Christians and the changes to their role in developing Vilnius. Differences between the Orthodox and Catholic communities are emphasised, but points of connection between the two communities are also sought. The position of Christians in the town reflects the generic state of emerging Vilnius, is inseparably intertwined with shifts in its history, and also shows how Lithuania’s rulers wavered between the Latin and Greek rites.

1926 m. Józefo Piłsudskio valstybės perversmo kariniai aspektai | Military Aspects of Józef Piłsudski’s Coup of 1926

Marek Sioma

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v32i0.1461

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

In May 1926, a coup took place in the Republic of Poland, which resulted in Józef Piłsudski, head of state (Naczelnik Państwa) in the period 1918–1922, taking over actual power in the country. Among other things, those three days in the streets of Warsaw stood out by the fact that during them Polish soldiers confronted each other: some military units partly supported President Stanisław Wojciechowski and the constitutional government of Wincent Witos, while others backed the plans of the first marshal of Poland, who could already boast a rather ‘whitewashed’ image among the population. Piłsudski’s plans were initially limited to the idea of forcing the resignation of the Cabinet, but finally turned into a broader campaign for the takeover of power, during which 379 people died and over 900 were wounded. The paper covers the sequence of events on 12–14 May, and focuses specifically on the role of army officers and units at different stages in the coup.

Christianisation and cura animarum in the First Christian Communities in Livonia and Prussia during the Period of the Crusades

Marius Ščavinskas

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v33i0.1496

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The paper deals with the relationship between Christianisation and the pastoral care in the first Christian Balt communities on the east Baltic coast during the period of the Crusades. It has to be noted that at the turn of and throughout the 13th century, Christian missions were influenced by the attitudes of the new religious movements of the 12th and 13th centuries proclaiming the ‘humanisation’ of the idea of God, and the efforts of the human soul to seek the ‘individualisation’ of salvation. Given these ideas, the paper analyses the forms in which Christianity spread in the Baltic communities, and the impact the inception of the Crusades had on these communities. The research proves that the spread of Christianity took place not only in a ‘theologised’ and therefore ‘difficult’ to understand form, but also in common, knightly (during the Crusades), and other forms of piety. These forms unfolded through the Christian missions and the pastoral care that were carried out in parallel, so that they functioned in the first Christian Balt communities in the 13th century.

The Coup in Poland in January 1919

Waldemar Rezmer

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v32i0.1460

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The paper examines a little-known unsuccessful attempt at a military coup in Poland in January 1919. The idea attracted notable members of the Polish National Committee, including Stanisław Grabski, and members of other right-wing organisations. Colonel Marian Januszajtis-Żegota took up the leadership at the military level, and Eustachy Sapieha at the political level. The coup was directed against the government led by the socialist Jędrzej Edward Moraczewski. The paper shows the political context of the uprising, the process, and the circumstances of its failure.

The Lives of Hostages and their Influence on the Conversion and Acculturation of Livonia and Prussia during the Baltic Crusades in the 13th Century

Kristjan Kaljusaar

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v33i0.1495

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

Chronicles of the 13th-century Crusades in Livonia and Prussia are full of descriptions of the Catholic conquerors demanding hostages from local elites, but the fate of these hostages and the influence they may have had on the processes of religious conversion and societal change in the east Baltic has attracted little attention. This paper explores the lives of Livonian and Prussian hostages, and argues that they may have functioned as vessels of acculturation, who furthered the Christianisation and ‘Europeanisation’ of their homelands, and cemented new power relations and world-views.

Revoliucijos morfologija ir idėjos trajektorijos | The Morphology of Revolution and Trajectories of the Idea

Gintautas Mažeikis

https://doi.org/10.15181/ahuk.v32i0.1459

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Article

Open Access

Abstract

The paper presents a morphological classification of revolutions in Western culture, and focuses on the transformation of the revolution into a political idea, the gravitation of the concept of revolution from implications of ‘returning to the essence’ towards ‘a breakthrough to the essence in the future’, the differences between national, class and social revolutions, and ultimately, concepts of revolution of everyday life and hybrid revolution. In the context of the changes in the idea of revolution, the question is raised as to how the concept of revolution, having experienced numerous differences in notional content, can be applied to armed and unarmed attempts at the transfer of power in Lithuania in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Įvadas

Marius Ščavinskas

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Įvadas

Vytautas Jokubauskas

Vasilijus Safronovas

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Introduction

Marius Ščavinskas

Pub. online: 15 Dec 2016 Type: Introduction

Open Access

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