Klaipėdos universitetas

Innovation and entrepreneurship in regions is one of essential tools, in added value creation in economics and in development in national level. It is very important to encourage creativity, new ways of thinking and continuous process of learning of individuals. There are some different approaches how to measure competitiveness of state economy and competitiveness in regional level. Global Competitiveness Index shows competitiveness of state among other world economies based on the 12 pillars of competitiveness, which is difficult to apply in regional or entrepreneurial level due to lack of data at regional level. Innovation is a key factor for development and competitiveness in individual (individual, enterprise) and institutional (local governmental institutions, regional, national and global level. Scientific problem of article is that impact of creativity, knowledge creation and dissemination and cooperation could not be measured trough quantitative data. Aim of the article is to define support model for cooperation of individual – institutional level in innovative entrepreneurship and its impact on regional development. Methods ar analysis of scientific literature, and political planning documents for define of support model in dynamic external environment.

The Author discussed, explored, evaluated and diagnosed the disparities of economic activity on regional level. The study embraced five peripheral regions of Poland, namely five Eastern provinces (voivodships), i.e. Lublin Province, Podlasie Province, Subcarpathia Province, Świętokrzyskie Province and Warmia-Masuria Province. The aforementioned five voivodships were compared to Poland and Poland’s central region, i.e. Masovia Province. The following elements were taken into consideration: employment rate and employment by sectors, unemployment rate, GDP per capita, number of economic entities and number of natural persons conducting economic activity, investment outlays and gross expenditure on R&D activity, as well as net internal and external migration for permanent residence. In order to observe the possible changes over the time the situation in 2005 and 2017 was studied. Additionally, the total value of projects co-financed by the European Union through Structural Funds and Cohesion Fund within 2007–2013 period and 2014–2020 perspective was presented and analyzed. The research tools used in the article included literature studies, critical thinking, descriptive analysis and comparative analysis, in that the selected statistical method of multivariate comparative analysis, i.e. Hellwig’s taxonomic measure of development. Statistical material provided by Central Statistical Office (Warsaw, Poland) and taken from Statistical Yearbooks of the Regions 2006, 2007, 2017 and 2018 was used for the analysis. The obtained results indicate the persistence of huge regional disparities of economic activity, economic potential and socioeconomic development despite the implementation of EU Policy of Social, Economic and Territorial Cohesion. Hence, it was possible to positively verify the research hypotheses: both the first hypothesis assuming that the gap between the studied peripheral regions and the rest of Poland was not reduced and the second hypothesis assuming that the participation in the processes of regional economic integration, and in particular in EU Policy of Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion, had only limited impact on the reduction of disparities between Poland’s regions.

Straipsnyje analizuojama gyventojų užimtumo pokyčių diferenciacija šalies regionuose įvertinant stebimos situacijos kaitą demografinių procesų kontekste (atsižvelgiant į gyventojų skaičiaus dinamikos teritorinius skirtumus). Remiantis Lietuvos statistikos departamento (toliau – Statistikos departamento) duomenimis ir autorių atliktos analizės rezultatais vertinti gyventojų integracijos į darbo rinką galimybių skirtumai šalies regionuose. Atliekant palyginamąją analizę pavienių teritorijų lygmeniu, prioritetas teiktas tokiems svarbiems rodikliams kaip užimtumo lygis ir užimtųjų pasiskirstymas pagal ekonomines veiklas.

The tasks of the article are: 1) to survey of the scientific literature in the field of the development of scientific-technical progress and the main entrepreneurial concepts; 2) to survey the EU and Lithuanian documents about R&D priorities and initiatives; 3) to analysis the situation of published applications according to date of filing application In Lithuania regions; 4) to determine the main R&D smart specialization directions in the Lithuanian regions according to published subclasses of International Patent Classification.

Currently, most companies in the industry generate the largest portion of profit from aftersales of passenger cars (maintenanceservices and sales of spare parts), but before the economic crisis, new car sales was the largest component of profit. Accordingly,in Latvia, there is a need to focus on the provision of aftersales services. The first section of the article describes and analyses thepassenger car park in Europe and Latvia, and discusses the significant indicators as the number of cars per 1000 residents, the firsttime registered cars and dynamics of those indicators. The second section discusses the author’s survey of the Latvian drivers andtypes of repairs they conducted within the last year, and average annual cost of carrepairs, and tires, and the drivers’ plans for thenear-term future on reduction of car costs.