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Sudebnaia kompetentsiia «starosty» Velikogo kniazhestva Litovskogo vo vtoroi polovine XV – pervoi treti XVI v. (na primere Volynskoi zemli) | Jurisdiction of 'Starosta' in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania …

Dmitrii Vashchuk

Pub. online: 9 Dec 2007 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 15 (2007): Baltijos regiono istorija ir kultūra: Lietuva ir Lenkija. Karinė istorija, archeologija, etnologija = History and Culture of Baltic Region: Lithuania and Poland. Military History, Archaeology, Ethnology, pp. 25–34

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of jurisdiction of ‘starosta’ (a medieval official) during the second half of the 15th – the first third of the 16th century. ‘Starosta’ was one from the most important officials in the Volhyn land. He was designated by the Great Lithuanian Duke. During this period the judicial duties of ‘starosta’ were regulated by the norms of legislative acts named ‘ustavna zems’ka gramota’ issued by great Lithuanian duke in their home policy. An author shows in his materials, that according to these documents ‘starosta’ was the main person at the time of legal proceedings.

Deiatel'nost' evreev-mytnikov Velikogo Kniazhestva Litovskogo v kontse XV – seredine XVI veka (na materialakh Litovskoi Metriki) | The Activity of the Jewish Customs Officials of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania …

Larisa Zherebtsova

Pub. online: 9 Dec 2007 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Acta Historica Universitatis Klaipedensis Volume 14 (2007): Baltijos regiono istorija ir kultūra: Lietuva ir Lenkija. Socialinė istorija, kultūrologija = History and Culture of Baltic Region: Lithuania and Poland. Social History, Cultural Sciences, pp. 9–23

Abstract

One of the greatest income items of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were customs – ‘myta’. Initially customs played the role of compensation for using of the real estate such as bridges, dams etc. On the other hand customs were a form of payment for the right of trade license, ownership of the pot-houses (inn), and also for production and sale of the alcoholic drinks. The purpose of the given work is to reflect the activity of the Jewish customs officials as collectors of the customs duties and to show the incomes which were brought by this activity (on the example of the richest Jewish tax-farmer).

Pratarmė | Foreword

Rimantas Sliužinskas

Pub. online: 9 Dec 2007 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Plates (I – VIII)

Pub. online: 9 Nov 2007 Type: Plates

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 8 (2007): Weapons, Weaponry and Man (In memoriam Vytautas Kazakevičius), p. 395

Iron Smelting Techniques in the Virbaliūnai Ancient Settlement

Jonas Navasaitis Aušra Selskienė

Pub. online: 9 Nov 2007 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 8 (2007): Weapons, Weaponry and Man (In memoriam Vytautas Kazakevičius), pp. 387–394

Abstract

The rescue excavations of the Virbaliūnai ancient settlement have unearthed an iron production site of the middle of the first millennium AD. Nine slag-pit type furnace bottoms with the slaggy mass in situ, pieces of iron-smelting slag, potsherds and other finds have been excavated here. An attempt at a metallurgical interpretation of both the furnace structure and the iron smelting process at the site is discussed in this paper. The results of a metallographic examination of crude iron clot as well as the data from chemical analyses of the smelting slags are also presented here.

The Iron Smelting Site in Virbaliūnai Ancient Settlement

Algirdas Žalnierius Jonas Navasaitis Dainius Balčiūnas

Pub. online: 9 Nov 2007 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 8 (2007): Weapons, Weaponry and Man (In memoriam Vytautas Kazakevičius), pp. 377–386

Abstract

In Lithuania, iron smelting furnaces dating back to the Roman Iron Age and the Migration Period have been found in 20 places, not

withstanding that iron slag was found in numerous archaeological excavations concerning those periods. The discovered furnaces are positioned in three groups on the northeastern outskirts of a former settlement. The investigated iron smelting structures with a shaft furnace and a slag pit under a hearth could have been built in Lithuania from the first century BC to the fourth or fifth centuries AD. The fact that there are no iron artefacts in dozens of household pits may be explained by their small quantity and their high value, when things are not easily thrown out. A comparison of the pottery found in the settlement indicates that furnaces were built and used in the transitional period when coarse ceramics predominated: the fourth and fifth centuries were the boundary between the Late Roman Iron Age and the Migration Period.

The Use of Inlay Technique in the Production of Medieval Couronian and Semigallian Military Equipment (12th to 14th Century)

Dagnija Svarāne

Pub. online: 9 Nov 2007 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 8 (2007): Weapons, Weaponry and Man (In memoriam Vytautas Kazakevičius), pp. 368–376

Abstract

The subject of this paper is the inlay technique, namely the hammering of fine silver to an iron object specially grooved for the purpose, and early medieval Semigallian and Couronian military equipment decorated in this technique. This includes sword hilts, strap dividers and mounts made by Baltic smiths, and a unique armour plate. The study of the inlay technique permits the former silver decoration on objects to be reconstructed. The ornate Couronian sword hilts provide grounds for hypothesising that there was a specialist weaponry workshop at Talsi hill-fort.

Traumatic Lesions in Human Osteological Remains from the Daugava Area (Seventh to 17th Centuries AD)

Guntis Gerhards

Pub. online: 9 Nov 2007 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 8 (2007): Weapons, Weaponry and Man (In memoriam Vytautas Kazakevičius), pp. 360–367

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to report on the incidence of traumatic bone lesions among the population of the River Daugava area in Latvia. A total of 804 skeletons from four cemeteries were analysed. The data obtained indicates that the frequencies of cranial trauma in all the series are similar. Within each population there was a significant difference between males and females with regard to the frequency of traumas. Skeletal traumas of the inhabitants of the Daugava area are not connected exclusively with military conflict.

A Defence Installation of the Developing Lithuanian State

Algirdas Girininkas

Pub. online: 9 Nov 2007 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 8 (2007): Weapons, Weaponry and Man (In memoriam Vytautas Kazakevičius), pp. 347–359

Abstract

The Rėkučiai defence installation is in the eastern part of Lithuania between two lakes in wooded country. The installation was comprised of a rampart and a ditch in front of it. This defence installation from the 12th and 13th centuries belongs to the most important fortified area of the newly developing Lithuanian state. It extended about 50 kilometres from east to west, and was built as a defence against the Polotsk-Pskov duchies and the Livonian Order. Analogous defence installations include Kovirke (“Cow Wall”), a lesser fortification within the well-known Dannevirke earthwork fortification complex, as well as the ramparts left by Prussian tribes.

The Main Tendencies in the Development of Tenth to13th Centuries Blade Weapons in Belarus

Mikalai Plavinski

Pub. online: 9 Nov 2007 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 8 (2007): Weapons, Weaponry and Man (In memoriam Vytautas Kazakevičius), pp. 334–346

Abstract

The article is devoted to the history of tenth to 13th-century blade weapons in Belarus. The main tendencies in the evolution of blade weapons and the most important directions in military-technical contacts of the population of Belarus are defined.

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