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East Baltic Middle Iron Age Wealth Deposits in Burial Areas: An Example of Regional Cultural Practice

Ester Oras

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.275

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 61–80

Abstract

This article provides an example of how variable the uses of and practices in prehistoric burial monuments can be. The concept of ‘wealth deposits’ is introduced, which arguably helps to define the variety of intentionally concealed artefact deposits as a whole. An emphasis is put on deposits in burial areas. It is shown that the depositional practices in burial areas vary considerably in the three Baltic countries, and we can definitely talk about small-scale regional practices, not universal and unitarily interpreted cultural phenomena. Special attention is paid to Estonian Middle Iron Age material. An overview of possible interpretations based on purely archaeological reasoning, as well as parallels from written sources, is provided.

Ruptured Space and Time in Lahepera Burial Site in Eastern Estonia

Krista Karro

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.273

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 49–59

Abstract

This article discusses archaeological landscapes as narratives. Artefacts tell stories, but they are also parts of larger stories told

by the landscapes of their time. Landscapes are considered to comprise not only the physical setting to people’s activities, but

also the social space of the inhabitants. As the social world itself always consists of stories, it is possible to read landscapes

as narratives of an area in a certain period. However, these narratives are subjective, because the landscape has been ruptured

by time: the physical and social landscape has changed a great deal over the centuries, and due to the temporal distance, it is

not always easy for an archaeologist to tell the story of a past period.

Narratives can be collective or individual, and so can landscapes. Usually, archaeological landscapes represent the laws and

traditions of a past society, so they are collective landscapes. Iron Age burial landscapes are at present spatially and temporally

ruptured landscapes that narrate the collective stories of their time.

The notions of collectivity and individuality are also used in the discussion of the case study, for understanding these concepts

in society is an interesting problem, especially in the case of the Late Iron Age in Estonia. The transition from collective to

individual burial is a spatial rupture, both in the sense of the physical landscape and the social space of society. In this article,

the rupture will be studied first and foremost from the perspective of the landscape of the burial site, and this will be combined

with different archaeological data from other areas and hypotheses on the Late Iron Age social system previously published.

In conclusion, the spatially and temporally ruptured burial landscape of Lahepera will tell its story.

Observations on Estonian Iron Age Cremations

Raili Allmäe

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.272

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 31–47

Abstract

Several Estonian burial places with cremations were investigated in the period 1997 to 2011. During the research, various descriptive and metric data on cremated bone materials was observed. The present paper is an attempt to systematise and interpret the data collected, in order to provide some generalisations on Estonian cremations. A comparative study of graves on the basis of the minimum number of buried individuals and the number of determined bone finds in graves, as well as bone fragmentation, is presented. Radiocarbon dating (AMS method) of burnt human bones from six investigated graves was conducted in order to specify the usage time of the graves. Some conclusions on possible temporal changes and cultural differences in burial practices are made on the basis of these characteristics.

Dwelling Construction Materials from Pribrezhnoye in the Context of the Formation of Primorskaya Culture

Edvin B. Saltsman

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.271

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 12–29

Abstract

Nine years have passed since the article dedicated to the preliminary results of the research at Pribrezhnoye in the Kaliningrad region was published (Saltsman 2004). During these years, two monographs were published which dealt with characterising the material obtained before 2003. These materials, just like the following ones, have still not provided us with a reason to share the old theories and traditional ideas. This article aims at clarifying some questions concerning the finds from dwellings with a sunken floor, which were collected during the work process.

Preface

Audronė Bliujienė

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v19i0.270

Pub. online: 30 Sep 2013 Type: Introduction

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 19 (2013): Societies of the Past: Approaches to Landscape, Burial Customs and Grave Goods, pp. 7–8

Multidimensional rare event probability estimation algorithm

Leonidas Sakalauskas Ingrida Vaičiulytė

Pub. online: 18 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Computational Science and Techniques Volume 1, Issue 2 (2013), pp. 222–228

Abstract

This work contains Monte–Carlo Markov Chain algorithm for estimation of multi-dimensional rare events frequencies. Logits of rare event likelihood we are modeling with Poisson distribution, which parameters are distributed by multivariate normal law with unknown parameters – mean vector and covariance matrix. The estimations of unknown parameters are calculated by the maximum likelihood method. There are equations derived, those must be satisfied with model’s maximum likelihood parameters estimations. Positive definition of evaluated covariance matrixes are controlled by calculating ratio between matrix maximum and minimum eigenvalues.

Parallel computing for the finite element method in MATLAB

Aurimas Šimkus Sigita Turskienė

Pub. online: 18 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Computational Science and Techniques Volume 1, Issue 2 (2013), pp. 214–221

Abstract

In this research, parallel computing capabilities of MATLAB and the capabilities for the finite element method were analyzed. A program for solving a heat transfer problem by the finite element method was implemented. Three different parallel algorithms using CPU and GPU for solving steady state and transient heat transfer problems were proposed and implemented. A maximal speedup of around 2.3 times for steady state and 2 times for transient problem solving time was achieved by using a quad-core CPU.

Modeling amperometric biosensors based on allosteric enzymes

Liutauras Ričkus

Pub. online: 18 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Computational Science and Techniques Volume 1, Issue 2 (2013), pp. 205–213

Abstract

Computational modeling of a biosensor with allosteric enzyme layer was investigated in this study. The operation of the biosensor is modeled using non-stationary reaction-diffusion equations. The model involves three regions: the allosteric enzyme layer where the allosteric enzyme reactions as well as then mass transport by diffusion take place, the diffusion region where the mass transport by diffusion and non-enzymatic reactions take place and the convective region in which the analyte concentration is maintained constant. The biosensor response on dependency substrate concentration, cooperativity coefficient and the diffusion layer thickness on the same parameters have been studied.

Seeking process maturity with DSDM atern

Stasys Peldžius Saulius Ragaišis Vytautas Valaitis

Pub. online: 18 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Computational Science and Techniques Volume 1, Issue 2 (2013), pp. 193–204

Abstract

It is important for an organization to know what capability/maturity of the process a chosen methodology could ensure. This paper is focused on DSDM Atern process maturity by CMMI.

The goal is to assess DSDM Atern by CMMI-DEV version 1.3 and propose the improvements to reach CMMI maturity level 3. A capability profile ensured by DSDM Atern has been obtained. The appraisal results showed that DSDM Atern ensures CMMI maturity level 2. Constraints and problematic areas of DSDM Atern methodology were discovered. In order to reach CMMI level 3 some recommendations for DSDM Atern additions were developed.

On the reduced-set Pareto-Lipschitzian optimization

Remigijus Paulavičius Jonas Mockus

Pub. online: 18 Sep 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Computational Science and Techniques Volume 1, Issue 2 (2013), pp. 184–192

Abstract

A well-known example of global optimization that provides solutions within fixed error limits is optimization of functions with a known Lipschitz constant. In many real-life problems this constant is unknown.

To address that a method called Pareto-Lipschitzian Optimization (PLO) was described that provides solutions within fixed error limits for functions with unknown Lipschitz constants. In this approach, a set of all unknown Lipschitz constants is regarded as multiple criteria using the concept of Pareto Optimality (PO).

In this paper, a new version of the Pareto-Lipschitzian Optimization method (PLOR) is proposed where a set of unknown Lipschitzian constants is reduced just to the minimal and maximal ones. In the both methods, partition patterns are similar to those of DIRECT. The difference is in the rules of sequential partitions defining non-dominated sets. In PLO, it includes all Pareto-Optimal sets defined by all Lipschitz constants. In PLOR, it considers just two elements corresponding to the maximal and minimal Lipschitz constant. in DIRECT, it selects a part of the Pareto-Optimal set which is determined by some heuristic parameter .

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