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New evidence of contacts across the Baltic Sea : Analysis of Kukuliškiai Late Bronze Age pottery

Miglė Urbonaitė-Ubė

Torbjörn Brorsson

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v31i0.2663

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2024 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 31 (2024), pp. 29–43

Abstract

The Late Bronze Age (1100–500 cal BC) has been the focus of many recent studies in the Baltic

region. The contacts between societies in the Baltic Sea area are identified by bronze, amber, pottery

and other artefacts, but there is still little evidence of contact between the western and eastern

coasts. This article presents analysis of a pottery assemblage from the Kukuliškiai site (880–400

cal BC) (Lithuania) and its macroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass atomic emission

spectrometry (ICP-MA/ES) results. Macroscopic examination of the pottery revealed that the

assemblage consists of various vessel surface types: smooth (41%), rusticated (11%), Kukuliškiai-

Otterböte type (4.5%), striated (13%) and burnished (8%). The assemblage has more similarities

with pottery in Scandinavia and northern Poland than with the eastern Baltic Late Bronze

Age pottery.

The ICP-MA/ES analysis of a sample of sherds from Kukuliškiai has shown that the vessels were

most likely made from partly different clays collected in the vicinity of the settlement. This pottery

was locally made but the assemblage’s composition and the presence of the Kukuliškiai-Otterböte

pottery type (KOP) suggests intensive cultural exchange between the two sides of the Baltic Sea.

Towards a better understanding of the economy and culture of the Late Bronze Age in the southeastern Baltic: Tarbiškės settlements

Gytis Piličiauskas

Rokas Vengalis

Karolis Minkevičius

All authors (5)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v29i0.2476

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 29 (2022), pp. 149–168

Abstract

In 2020, rescue excavations due to construction of a pipeline connecting Poland and Lithuania took place at the Bronze Age sites Tarbiškės 1 and Tarbiškės 2, eastern Lithuania, both dated to 1050–900 cal BC. They revealed a rather homogeneous archaeological assemblage which fills a gap in the development of the Bronze Age culture and economy in the southeastern Baltic. Tarbiškės Ware, from a typological as well as chronological point of view, stands in an intermediate position linking Trzciniec culture pottery with Žalioji and Early Striated Wares. Macrobotanical analysis of charred plant remains revealed that Bronze Age people at Tarbiškės cultivated Panicum miliaceum, Hordeum vulgare and Triticum sp. The Tarbiškės sites demonstrate that early farmers used to settle areas at higher elevations with sandy soils, further from large bodies of water. They used flint and other stone tools widely and lacked bronze. Tarbiškės is the first and

only ancient settlement discovered in Lithuania with a workshop for on-site manufacturing of polished stone axes with drilled holes.

Hidden landscapes of the Earliest Iron Age: Excavations at Kakliniškės 7 reveal an overlooked settlement phase in southern Lithuania

Rokas Vengalis

Karolis Minkevičius

Mantas Valančius

All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v29i0.2475

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 29 (2022), pp. 119–148

Abstract

The article presents the data from Kakliniškės 7 settlement site, discovered and excavated in 2020 during the construction of the gas pipeline. The rich and representative collection of pottery and archaeobotanical material gathered in the site have provided valuable data on the hitherto unknown 4th century BC in Lithuania. Pottery such as that found at Kakliniškės 7 has not previously been identified, and is therefore referred to here as Kakliniškės Ware. These are pots with slightly curved walls, rounded shoulders and vertical rims, featuring a striated surface topped with an additional coarse layer. The defined attributes of this new type of pottery have allowed the identification of the same ware in other settlement and burial sites in southeastern Lithuania and the Trans-Nemunas region. All of these settlement sites share some common features; most likely they are the sites of short-lived farmsteads belonging to highly dispersed settlements. Such data allow us to hypothesise a hitherto unidentified cultural group that briefly spread in southern Lithuania in the 4th century BC. This challenges the prevailing model of a static cultural development and a homogeneous material culture in the 1st millennium BC in all of eastern Lithuania. Our data show that the cultural situation here was much more dynamic than previously thought.

Imported tableware and socio-cultural change in the urban community: The case of early modern Vilnius

Miglė Urbonaitė-Ubė

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v29i0.2469

Pub. online: 27 Dec 2022 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 29 (2022), pp. 37–51

Abstract

The period from the 16th to the 17th century is known for changes in material culture, especially in dining traditions, as different tableware appeared, replacing the dominant pottery of the medieval period. New types of technologically and functionally advanced vessels and dishes including Dutch and Italian tin-glazed earthenware, German stoneware, and a variety of slipwares were changing dining traditions across Europe. All this can be observed from the archaeological material uncovered in what is today Vilnius old town. Tableware from both western European and Ottoman manufacturers was found during archaeological excavations in Vilnius. Compared to the Middle Ages, the total number of imported wares increased significantly. Medieval tableware was very rare in Vilnius and available exclusively to individuals of high social classes but during the early modern period the situation changed. Imported pottery of the 16th and 17th centuries showed that inhabitants of the town were influenced by western dining traditions and usage of imported tableware in their everyday rituals had grown significantly. Focusing on this change traced from Vilnius old town archaeological material, the paper will examine whether imports

were available to the representatives of specific social classes or were widely known to the town’s community. Imported tableware as a marker of urban lifestyles suggests that town dwellers, especially noble families, monks and nuns used a variety of imported tableware. This fact represents that dining practices anchored into early modern Vilnius society and changed traditional dining practices.

Between mighty hillforts: a multi-method study of Laukskola Bronze Age settlement pottery

Vanda Visocka Alise Gunnarssone Mārcis Kalniņš All authors (4)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v28i0.2283

Pub. online: 29 Dec 2021 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 28 (2021), pp. 81–100

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a multi-method study of the Laukskola Late Bronze Age open

field settlement pottery assemblage. The aim of the study was to describe the technical and stylistic

aspects of Laukskola pottery, and their relationship with the nearby hillfort material. The production

tendencies and their role in the function of the pottery were also analysed. Macroscopic

analysis combined with ceramic petrography, reflective transformation imaging, and wavelength

dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were conducted in the analysis of the pottery. Nearby

clay resources were surveyed and further analysed for provenance interpretations. The results of

the study show that Laukskola pottery was locally produced by using highly plastic sandy moraine

clay, tempered with granitic rock and quartzite. Stylistically, the pottery combined local and nonlocal

elements. The function corresponds with the visual parameters and choices for production.

The Large-Scale Rescue Excavation of a Multi-Period Site at Kvietiniai Sheds Light on the so far Little Explored Bronze Age in Western Lithuania

Rokas Vengalis Gytis Piličiauskas Mindaugas Pilkauskas All authors (5)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v27i0.2176

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2020 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 27 (2020), pp. 17–50

Abstract

The article presents the results of investigations at Kvietiniai archaeological site. Large-scale excavations carried out as part of the implementation of an infrastructure development project have provided very important new data on prehistoric settlement in western Lithuania. The excavations revealed a multi-period archaeological site that contains traces of activity spanning from the Mesolithic to the Early Iron Age. Significant data have been obtained on Bronze Age pottery which is almost unknown to date. The Bronze Age is represented at Kvietiniai by a number of previously unknown or undescribed pottery types. The typology of this pottery is still somewhat problematic, due to the small quantity of it and the lack of similar finds from other sites, as well as the absence of material suitable for secure dating. We managed to define in detail and date one of them: the most abundantly found Kvietiniai-Tojāti Ware, dated to ca 1300–1100 cal BC. In addition, excavations at Kvietiniai have provided important data on the beginnings of agriculture. The earliest cereal grains in the east Baltic to date, i.e. barley, dated to ca 1400–1200 cal BC, were found here. The low amount of cereals and other data indicate just the beginning of agriculture rather than its developed stage. Meaningful data were also collected from discovered graves from the middle of the 1st millennium BC. Traces of rituals previously unnoticed anywhere in this culture, such as putting into graves pottery sherds left by the site’s earlier inhabitants, were found at Kvietiniai as well.

Archaeological Data as Evidence of Cultural Interaction between the Teutonic Order and Local Communities: Problems and Perspectives

Edvinas Ubis

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v25i0.1836

Pub. online: 5 Dec 2018 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 25 (2018), pp. 164–176

Abstract

The political and economic situation in the southeast Baltic region changed dramatically when two main powers, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Order, emerged in the 13th century. These political structures tried to involve local communities in the social organisation of their newly established states. Archaeological material (pottery) is analysed in this article. It could help us understand the processes happening in what is now western Lithuania during the Medieval period. Local and Western pottery is assessed as evidence of contacts between the Crusaders and the local people. These contacts are interpreted as part of the cultural interaction process between the two different communities

The Wooden Construction of the Okhta 1 Site in St Petersburg

Tatjana M Gusentsova Petr E Sorokin

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v24i0.1563

Pub. online: 15 Sep 2017 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 24 (2017), pp. 10–25

Abstract

The Okhta 1 Neolithic-Early Metal site is the first archaeological object in the St Petersburg region with a well-preserved wooden construction. The site was occupied by ancient people several times during the Neolithic Age, in the Early Metal Age periods, from 7,000 to 3,000 years ago. The remains of wooden structures (stakes, treated wooden slats and rails, and piles) were found. Features of the micro-relief of the site, its stratigraphy and archaeological observations have allowed us to locate an earlier coastal fishing zone located on the shore of the gulf, and a second fishing and living area connected to river channels. The archaeological collection includes archaeological finds: pottery, stone tools, products of organic matter and wood, and amber ornaments.

Priedaine: A Neolithic Site at the Head of the Gulf of Riga

Valdis Bērziņš Aija Ceriņa Mārcis Kalniņš All authors (6)

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1294

Pub. online: 22 Jul 2016 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 23 (2016): The Sea and the Coastlands, pp. 12–37

Abstract

The Neolithic site of Priedaine in Jūrmala was excavated on a small scale in 2007–2008, yielding an assemblage of Comb Ceramics, along with unique wooden implements and fragments of pine-lath fishing structures. The environment and subsistence resources are indicated by plant macrofossil remains and a small faunal collection. Located by a palaeolake and also very close to the sea, the site, dated to c. 3700–3500 cal BC, would have been oriented towards aquatic resource exploitation. However, it had a wider range of functions, as indicated by the evidence of flint and amber processing.

Neolithic Ukraine: A Review of Theoretical and Chronological Interpretations

Giedrė Motuzaitė Matuzevičiūtė

https://doi.org/10.15181/ab.v20i0.812

Pub. online: 30 Dec 2013 Type: Article

Open Access

Journal: Archaeologia Baltica Volume 20 (2013): Frontier Societies and Environmental Change in Northeast Europe, pp. 136–149

Abstract

This paper reviews the Neolithic period in Ukraine. First, the author analyses what the term ‘Neolithic’ actually means in Ukraine. The paper demonstrates the absence of a universal definition for Neolithic, through a review of some ‘Western school’ archaeological traditions. The term Neolithic is de-emphasised in relation to the study of early cereal cultivation in Ukraine, providing a general understanding of the concept. The paper introduces the main archaeological Neolithic cultures of Ukraine, by presenting their chronological frameworks, areas of distribution and key characteristics. Particular attention is paid to the main chronological pitfalls in the region.

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