The article analyses the importance of supervision based on anthropological knowledge in the formation of the professional identity of hospital chaplains. It emphasises the problematics of understanding the concept of professional identity and its two main aspects: 1) professional activity, and 2) the anthropological centre of professional identity, which provides for the personal development and quality of spiritual life of the chaplain, in order to answer the question how to become a guide to eternal life for a dying person. The functions of supervision discussed in the article stabilise the chaplain’s personality and the poimenic and mystagogical aspects of the chaplain’s professional identity in the context of hospital palliative care.