The aim of this article is to analyze the demographic changes that have taken place in Kaunas since the mid. 20th century – the end of the 20th century. The main source of research is field research material, collected in Kaunas during 2018, using the author‘s ethnographic questionnaire. Empirical material was collected using classic field research methods: participatory observation, interview, in-depth, structured and semi-structured interviews. Also the analysis of statistical and historical data was performed. The article is based on oral history theory. The results of the research revealed the participants‘ attitudes and beliefs related to urban changes and demographic trends during the Soviet period in Kaunas.