The article investigates the society, economy, demographics of The Nothern Curonian Spit in the sixteenth century. It is considered hypothetical genealogic relationships and origin of population of the northern Curonian Spit. After statistical analysis of the collected tax data, it is analyzed population, welfare, social structure, dynamics of lifestyle’s lows and highs, extent and causes. Personal names, place names, processed statistics presented in this article could be material for further researches of comparative or economic, historical sociology, anthropology and filology subjects.