The purpose of this article is to investigate the mechanisms contributing to increasing of the efficiency of the institutions andinstruments ensuring the innovative development of Russia, increasing of its competitiveness in terms of accession to the WTOand the OECD. The article considers factors, negatively influencing on the innovative development of Russia. In the article wasconducted comparative analysis of expenditure on R&D in the different countries, analysis of modern methods and tools of statesupport of innovative development. A complex of additional measures aimed at enhancing the innovative activity of the businesssector and the measures of state support of innovative development in Russia are proposed.