The article is devoted to the new research on the Lithuanian and Polish dramaturgy by Jozef Albin Herbaczewski (1876-1944). His works are the dramas of ideas which present the fight of the personifications of the evil and the good. The extremely moral protagonists listen to their hearts, and they fight for the freedom of their nation or wish to redeem the Satan. The antagonists are the destructive forces representing the logics and mind. In his dramas Herbaczewski presents some popular types of the decadent woman. The dramas of Herbaczewski are under the influence of romanticism and the movement of The Young Poland. We can also draw a parallel between dramaturgy by A. Herbaczewski and Vydūnas.