The article is devoted to the new historical investigations on the problem of the Lithuanian National Movement (“Sąjūdis”) and the “Polish issue” in Lithuania: the intrinsic situation and the interventions of outside in the end of 1980-ies – beginning of the 1990-ies. The so called “Polish issue” in Lithuania – both in its full historical dimension and in the special acute meaning that appeared in the end of 1980-ies – since a long time finds itself in the field of the scientific and civil attention. Our paper is an attempt to lead this issue out of the borders of only Lithuanian-Polish controversial discourse and to consider it in the context of all the dramatic history of the national movements in the period of the Soviet Union’s disintegration, in the system of political provocations which the communist regime, doomed already to its downfall, tried to use for repression against its contestants.