The article is devoted to the research results on the sources of conspiratorial press in Vilnius from the period of January insurgency (1862–1864). Underground press from the period of January insurgency has never been the case in any other country that within four years (the first periodicals emerged in 1861) so many secret publications aimed at different groups of different political background were published in order to inspire resistance. The editors of those publications considered the tsar’s administration to be responsible for the precarious situation of the peasantry therefore the main goal of this periodical was to sway the populace to this notion and to win the inhabitants of rural areas for the revolutionary movement.