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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AB</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Archaeologia Baltica</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1392-5520</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1392-5520</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>KU</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">25_177-190_ARDAVICIUTE-RAMANAUSKIENE</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15181/ab.v25i0.1837</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Spoons with Apostle Figures in Lithuania</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ardavičiūtė-Ramanauskienė</surname>
            <given-names>Skaistė</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:skaiste.ardaviciute@gmail.com">skaiste.ardaviciute@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_AB_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_AB_aff_000">Vilnius University, National Museum of Lithuania</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>25</volume>
      <fpage>177</fpage>
      <lpage>190</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Klaipėda University</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Ten apostle spoons have been found in Lithuania during archaeological excavations and site surveys, and two have been brought to the museum by people who found them on their land. This article discusses their identification, material, context and provenance. Additionally, it is argued that apostle spoons, which for a long time were thought to be only used as christening gifts, had other purposes. The distribution map reveals that all the apostle spoons were found inland, with the largest number concentrated in Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The apostle spoons that were found in Lithuania were probably made in the 17th century, and used until the first half of the 18th century. The features of the figures indicate that they were made in and imported from England and continental Europe. Of the 12 spoons analysed, only five apostles could be identified with certainty, and they correspond well with the most popular saints and names in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th and 17th centuries.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>apostle spoon</kwd>
        <kwd>Lithuania</kwd>
        <kwd>christening present</kwd>
        <kwd>Post-Medieval</kwd>
        <kwd>England</kwd>
        <kwd>German-speaking regions</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
